THE EPEIRID.C 



185 



Fig. 431. Female 

 Zilla atrica, en- 

 larged four times. 



underneath. 



middle pairs than they are from each other. The mandibles 



are large and thickened in the middle toward the front. The 

 epigynum and the spinnerets are both small. The color 

 of all the species is gray, with sometimes a little yellow 

 or pink in the lighter parts. The cephalothorax has 

 usually, but not always, a dark border at the 

 sides and a middle dark line that widens and 

 becomes lighter toward the eyes. The abdomen 

 has a wide middle stripe like Epeira, scalloped at 

 the sides and crossed at the hinder end by two 

 or three pairs of transverse spots. In front it is 

 almost white or tinted with pink or yellow, and 

 narrows almost to a point, with a much darker 

 spot each side. The sides of the abdomen are 

 marked with oblique dark marks that extend 

 The sternum has a light middle stripe. Under 



the abdomen is a dark middle stripe, with light each side of it. 



The legs are pale, with nar- 

 row gray rings at the end 



and middle of each joint. 



These three species seem to 



be the same as three found 



in Europe, — • Z. atrica, Z. 



x-notata, and Z. viontaiia. 



Africa is found at Ipswich 



and Salem on the coast of 



Massachusetts, x-notata at 



Woods Hole on the south 



coast of Massachusetts, and 



montana in the White Moun- 



tains and Adirondacks. 



Wherever found they are in large numbers, atrica and x-notata 



living on the outside of houses, and montana in trees and rocks. 



Fig. 432. Middle of web of Zilla atrica with 

 the open segment and thread to the nest at 

 the left. 



