bei*s with the name of the fruit annexed, m a small 

 memorandum book. A little time spent in this way 

 saves much troublai^ij^f it is desirable to increase 

 any kind of fruit. ^^^ 



P)'uning-"y ery compact tops muy need thinning. Be cautious about 

 going into a tree to prune with hard boots or shoes on, when the 

 bark peels. Use a tine saw for iarge brunches, then pare srnooth- 

 Iv. Various applications are made where large limbs are cut. — 

 Grafting composition, also a mixture of equal parts of clay and 

 cow manure, are used for large wj.unds from cutting of limbs and 

 injuries. Alcohol, with as much shellac dissolved in it as will 

 make it of the consistence of paint*, applied with a painter's brush 

 is excellent. It excludes the air and water, and is unaffected' by 

 change of weather. 



Many prune in the spring'^'from custom, and others in Jnne be- 

 cause the wound heals quickly, not reflecting th.^^; it is of more 

 importance that the w». und heal soundly than quickly. We give 

 directions according to our experience for 30 years. 



Slight pruning, in which very small limbs, or dead limbs of any 

 size, a.''e removed, may be performed when most convenient, in 

 any season. Moderate pruning should be done in June, July or 

 August, though it will answer very well till Dec. If trees are 

 pruned in Jyly, Aug,, or September, the wood will become hard, 

 sound, and well seasoned, aiid commence^ healing over; and it is 

 not material, otherwise than for appearance, whether it heals ov- 

 er the first, second, or third year, as it will remain in a healthy 

 state. 



We should prefer Oct., I^ov., or even Dec, to the spring, 

 which is the worst season. The trees ther? are full of sap, and it 

 oozes out at the wound, which turns black and decays, like a tree 

 cut in the spring, and allowed to retain the baik. But if limba, 

 ever so large, are cut in Aug. and Sept., the wood will become 

 hard and remain so, if it never heals over." 



"Side shoots of young or nursery trees should not be cut off at 

 first, as it will induce weakness in the stem, the trees will bend 

 over, and staking cannot save them. The only remedy is to cut 

 them off, and let them start anew." — iS. PF. Cole. 



Training. — This is not much practiced in this State 

 but might undoubtedly be made serviceable in orna- 

 menting grounds and also in producing some kinds of 

 fruits in greater abundance. There are several meth- 

 ods in use. The Horizontal is adapted to training ap- 

 ples, pears, grapes, &c.; the Fan^ grapes, peaches, ap- 

 ricots, plums, figs, &c.; and the Pjframidal and Que^ 

 mnelle to penrs. 



