G6 



^'Horizontal training consisis in \^reser\ing an upright leader, 

 with lateral shoots trained at regular intervals. These intervals 

 may be from a foot to eighteen incJ|^lor pears and apples, and 

 about nine inches for cherries and^^B|b*' *A maiden plant with 

 three shoots having been procured, i^^wo side shoots are laid ia 

 horizontally, and the centre one upright, all the buds being rub- 

 bed off the latter but three, viz , one next the t(ip for a vertical 

 leader, and one on each side near the lop, for horizontal branches. 

 In the course of the first summer after planting, the sjioots may 

 be allowed to grow without being stopped. In the autumn of the 

 first year the two laterals produced are nailed or tied in, and also 

 the shoots produced from the extremities of the lower laterals; 

 the centre shoot being headed down as before. But in the second 

 summer, when the main shoot has attained the length of ten or 

 twelve inches, it may be stopped; which, if the plant is in proper 

 vigor, will cause it to throw out two horizontal branches, in addi- 

 tion to those which were thrown out from those of the preceding 

 year. The trie will now be in its second summer, and will have 

 four horizontal branches on each side of the upright stem, and by 

 persevering in this system four horizontal branches will be produc- 

 ed in each year till the tree reaches the top of the wall (or espa- 

 lier,) when the upright stem must terminate in two horizontal 

 branches." 



'^ Fan- training, — A maiden plant (a tree but one year from the 

 graft,) being planted 'is to be headed down to four buds or eyes, 

 placed in such a manner as to throw out two shoots on each side. 

 The following season the two uppermost shoots are to be headed 

 down to three eyes, placed in such a manner as to throw out one 

 leading shoot, and one shoot on each side; the two lowermost 

 shoots are to be heade^ down to two eyes, so as to throw out one 

 leading shoot, and one shoot on the uppermost side. We have 

 now five leading shoots on each side, well placed, to form our fu- 

 ture tree. Each of these shoots must be placed in the exact po- 

 sition in which it is to remain; and as it is these shoots which are 

 to form the future tree, none of them are to be shortened. The 

 tree should by nolneans be suffered to bear any fruit -this year. 

 Each shoot must now be allowed to produce, besides the leading 

 shoot at its extremity, two other shoots on the uppermost side, one 

 near the bottom and one about midway up the stem; there must 

 also be one shoot on the undermost side, placed about midway be- 

 tween the other two. All the other shoots must be pinched off in 

 their infant state. From this time it may be allowed to bear what 

 crop of fruit the gardener thinks it able to carry; in determining 

 which, he ought never to overrate the viaor of the tree. All of 

 these shoots, excepting the leading ones, must at the proper sea- 

 son be shortened, but to what length must he left entirely to the 

 judgment of the gardener, it of course depending upon the vigor 

 of the tree. \n shortening the shoot, care should be taken to cut 

 *jack to a wood bud that will produce a shool for the following 



