67 



yeSr. Cm close to the bud, so that tlie wound may he-il the fol- 

 lovving season." 



**In nailintr to a wall, care must be t;ikcri not to bruise any p;irt 

 of the shoot; the wounds mjBe by tiie knife heal quickly, but a 

 bruise often proves incural?!^ Never let a 4mil gall any part of 

 the tree; it will endanger the life of thfi branch. In nailing-in 

 the young shoots, dispose them as straight and regular as possi- 

 ble; it will look workman-like." — Suburban Horticulturalist . 



'•QvencuiUc Trmn'mg. — To produce Quenouille standards, plant 

 a young tree, three or four feei high, and, after the first summer's 

 growth, head back the top, and cut-in the side branches. The 

 next season the tree will shoot out three or four tiers of side 

 branches, according to its strength. The lowest should be left 

 about eighteen inches from the ground, and, by pinching off su- 

 perfluous shoots, others may be made to grow pretty regularly, so 

 as not to crowd the head. At the end of this season head back 

 the leader to strengthen the side shoots. Next season a fresh se- 

 ries of lateral shoots will be produced, four or five of which may 

 be kept every year; and, the third or fourth y6ar, the lower 

 branches may be bent down in midsummer, and kept in a pendu- 

 lous position for a year or two, by tying them to stakes driven in 

 the ground, or to the main stem. The successive growth at the 

 top, and arrangement of the limbs below, must be coutinued till 

 the requisite height—say ten feet — is attained. A moderate prun- 

 ing to produce ^[ew wood, and the occasional tying in of a ramb- 

 ling shoot, will be all that is required." 



Fig. 15. Pyramidal Training. — This is 



perforlned like tlie last with the 

 exception of tying down the 

 branches^ which is omitted. It 

 ' gives a beautiful form and expo- 

 ses all parts equally to light and 

 air. 



To induce Early , Bearing. — "Root 

 Pruning has been practiced of late 

 years, for this purpose. The roots are 

 laid bare, and some of the longest are 

 cut off a few feet from the tree; this 

 checks its growth, and early bearing is 

 the result. This is practised also for the 

 purpose of dwarfing in gardens, where 

 Pyramidal Training, f g^^^j, ^^^^^ ^^^ preferred. The fall is a 



favorable season for this operation, but it shortens the life and 

 restricts the size of the tree, and ranks with the fancy work of 

 the amateur." 



"Bending the limbs down, and fastening them in that position, 



