86 IMPROVED FISHERY HARBOUR ACCOMMODATION 



the inside face of the pier en avarice ; and this should only 

 be allowed where an inner harbour exists in which shelter 

 may be taken. 



Where no inner harbour exists, the pier should be 

 brought round sufficiently to shorten the fetch to one mile, 

 when it can be so arranged without rendering the harbour 

 difficult of access or placing the pier-head in too shallow 

 water. Mr. Stevenson gives special caution on the 

 following matters. 



CAUSES OF INCREASE OF WAVES IN CLOSE HARBOURS. 



1. Removal of the spending-beach at entrance channel, or 

 within the harbour, by building a quay or talus wall across. 



2. The. deepening of the entrance channel into the 

 harbour rendering it especially difficult to hold vessels on 

 the flowing tide. 



3. The removal of an artificial breakwater, or protecting 

 point of land, or spit of gravel, or rock. 



4. Filling up side creeks or basins in a harbour or 

 entrance channel. 



5. Shortening the distance between the sea and entrance 

 to an inner harbour or dock, or by projecting a basin or 

 dock farther out from the shore line, so as to bring the 

 gates nearer the sea-entrance, or projecting the mouth of a 

 harbour farther seawards. 



6. Removal of a jetty, or filling up an artificial chamber, 

 or converting talus into plumb walls. 



7. Straightening an entrance channel, or an outer outside 

 breakwater, or walls within the harbour. 



8. Widening the entrance or channel. 



9. Reduction of area of the harbour basin. 



10. Making smoother the surface of a natural sloping 

 beach within an outside harbour by pitching the surface. 



