262 THE RELATIONS OF THE STATE WITH 



the memorial and Board of Trade fees fall upon the pro- 

 moters, and this is a great drawback to the utility of the 

 provisions. Companies and capitalists can bear the expense, 

 but it is beyond the capacity of a poor fisherman, who 

 might successfully cultivate two or three acres of sea-bed. 

 It has been elsewhere pointed out that it is less to the 

 undertakings of companies and capitalists that the national 

 fishing industry must look for its prosperity than to the 

 individually small, but widely extended, successes of separate 

 members of the fishing community. 



An order, when confirmed, has an alternative result : 



1. It either makes the grantee (or grantees) the owner of 



a several fishery ; or 



2. It gives him (or them) the right to regulate a defined 



district. 



In the first case, the grantee has in himself alone the 

 exclusive right of depositing, propagating, dredging, and 

 taking oysters or mussels ; and at all seasons such a grantee 

 would most frequently be a private individual or a com- 

 mercial company. 



In the second case, the right to regulate gives the grantees 

 powers to impose restrictions, to levy tolls and royalties, 

 and to provide improvements. Grantees of this class might 

 be a philanthropic society or an urban or other improvement 

 corporation. 



Neither of the above grants may extend over sixty years ; 

 if the grant is not properly or productively utilised, the 

 Board of Trade may determine it at any time, and for this 

 purpose inquiries will be from time to time directed. The 

 area of the grant must be properly defined by stakes or 

 buoys, and sufficient evidence of its unmistakeable definition 

 will be a certificate from the Board of Trade to that effect. 



If the proposed area belongs to the Crown personally or 



