274 THE RELATIONS OF THE STATE WITH 



be sold e.g.y deep-sea oysters, between the 1 5th of 

 June and 4th of August. 



III. Close-time during which certain implements preju- 

 dicial to fish may not be used e.g., oyster-dredges 

 in the Channel, between i5th of June and 3ist of 

 August. 



IV. Restrictions (irrespective of time) on the size or 

 condition of fish when either possessed or offered 

 for sale e.g., lobsters under 8 inches may not be 

 possessed or sold at any time, nor may " berried 

 crabs." 



V. Restrictions (irrespective of time) on the general use 



of certain implements e.g., the repealed enactment 

 which prohibited the use of all herring-nets, the 

 meshes of which were less than an inch. 



VI. Restrictions (irrespective of time) on the use of 

 certain implements in particular places e.g., beam- 

 trawls are prohibited near clam-beds. 



VII. Restrictions established by creating private pro- 

 perty in the sea-bed e.g., oyster-beds or mussel- 

 beds established under the third part of the Sea 

 Fisheries Act of 1868. 



The first three headings concern close-time properly so- 

 called, because they relate to fixed periods during which 

 fish are protected. When, as in the first case, the capture 

 of a particular kind of fish is prohibited during a fixed 

 period, that kind of fish is directly protected ; when, as in 

 the second, a restriction is put on the sale of certain fish ; 

 or, as in the third, on the use of certain implements during 

 a fixed period, fish are protected indirectly only. 



Divisions IV, V., VI., and VII. cannot properly be called 

 close-times at all. In IV., certain precautions are taken to 

 directly protect certain fish in a certain condition at all 



