THE HISTORY OF DUTCH SEA FISHERIES. 431 



used in the latter after St. John's Day were in winter and 

 spring sent to the Dogger bank for haddock and cod-fish. 

 The method in which the trade was carried on by Dutchmen 

 has always been the same as when, under the Bavarian 

 Counts, political parties derived their names from it ; viz. 

 by lines to which were attached hooks baited with small 

 fish of different kinds, or very early herrings. A Placard 

 of the year 1612 expressly allowed cod-fishers to catch 

 herring for bait before the 24th of June, provided they 

 should not cure or salt such herrings, nor lay them in 

 barrels, nor carry them ashore or sell them at sea.* 



Keelless boats from the North Sea coast villages from 

 early times downward combined cod-fishery on the Dogger 

 bank with " the trade of the fresh," as shown by a Resolu- 

 tion of the States of Holland dated 1585, and mentioning 

 " all fish caught by fishermen of the Side, except cod and 

 haddock" Keeled vessels from the fishing towns on the 

 Maas likewise fished for cod in the North Sea out of the 

 herring season ; and besides, the Iceland cod fishery, which 

 could not be combined with herring fishery, centred in some 

 of those towns, and Vlaardingen and Maassluis were pro- 

 minent in the Iceland business long before they became 

 " herring towns" of importance. The vessels sent to Iceland 

 were called " hookers," from the fishing gear they carried ; 

 although by their build they were fit for the herring trade 

 also, and were used in the latter in some years when the 

 state of the several markets, or other circumstances made a 

 voyage to Iceland unadvisable. Still a mixing up of both 

 trades could not occur, as the seasons for both were the 

 same ; whence Iceland fishery was a separate business, and 

 had an organization of its own. Its object was to cure the 



* Art. 2 of the herring regulations, 1604-1632 ; Gr. PL Boek, i. 

 P- 733- 



