THE HISTORY OF DUTCH SEA FISHERIES. 527 



There were no less than three monopolies in the Grand 

 Fishery, or business of fishing for herring to be gutted and 

 salted on board as soon as caught (kakeii] ; to wit : 



Firstly, the fishing and curing monopoly, restricting the 

 business to those who owned keeled and square-rigged 

 vessels ; forbidding them to fish unless between June 24th 

 and January ist, or carry fish elsewhere than into Dutch 

 ports ; and subjecting fish, barrels, and fishing implements 

 to obligatory and strict assay. 



Secondly, the carrying monopoly, restricting the liberty 

 to buy cure-herring at sea and carry it home to the earlier 

 part of the season, and virtually monopolising the supply 

 of herring, during that part of the season, in the hands 

 of the body called " Vereeniging van de Haringjagery? 

 by an enactment prohibiting fishing busses from sailing 

 home during " hunting time," unless with a full cargo. 



Thirdly, the selling monopoly, empowering a wholesale- 

 dealing corporation called " Vereeniging van Zoutharing- 

 reederyen" during the whole of the season to determine 

 the quantity of cure-herring to be thrown on the market, 

 and the price to be put upon it In order to enforce 

 adhesion to the rules established by this corporation, 

 premiums were only granted to such buss-owners as were 

 partners in it 



To make up for the first-named monopoly, the owners of 

 vessels excluded from it were invested with a monopoly of 

 the curing process called " steuren? i.e. salting herring 

 ungutted, preparatory to curage by smoke. But they were 

 prohibited from fishing for herring and preparing it in this way 

 until the beginning of autumn, when the other branch, or 

 " Grand Fishery," was no longer exercised on a large scale. 



All herring fishery, including the cured, the smoked, and 

 the fresh, or " pan-herring " business, was protected by a 



