INDEX. 607 



prevented from recovering by the pressure of legislative restrictions, 376 ; 

 instance of this in the increasing supply of fish by Scotch fishermen to 

 Hamburg, 376-384 ; permission granted to send a limited quantity of 

 herring to Hamburg direct from the fishery, 383 ; renewal of laws 

 against export of herring barrels, &c., 384 ; new laws respecting branding 

 of barrels, 385 ; continued complaints with respect to quality of fish 

 exported, 385, 386 ; increase of foreign competition, 386-388 ; applica- 

 tions to the State for subsidies, 388 ; attempts to encourage the fishery 

 by grant of exemptions from taxation, 388, 389 ; opening of the French 

 market to Dutch herring, 389 ; and subsequent withdrawal of the 

 privilege, 390 ; strict exclusion of English herring from the French 

 market, 390 ; grant of direct premiums by Flushing and other ports, 

 for the encouragement of the herring fishery, 390, 391 ; increasing 

 competition of foreigners in the trade with Hamburg, 391, 392 ; 

 refusal of the Fishery College to rescind the law fixing a date for com- 

 mencing the fishery, 392 ; grant in 1775 of a bounty for two years to 

 vessels fishing for herring, 394 ; trade not permanently benefited thereby, 

 395 ; fishing again prohibited owing to war with England in 1780, 395 ; 

 owners now first allowed to sell their vessels abroad, '396 ; further appli- 

 cations for and grant of bounties, 396 ; renewal of laws against engaging 

 in foreign fishing concerns, and against export of unbranded herrings to 

 the Weser and the Elbe, 396, 397. FISHERIES UNDER THE REPUBLIC : 

 WAakJukmgDate of its origin, 397 ; failure of the first attempts, 398 ; 

 mode of conducting the early expeditions, 398 ; contentions with the 

 British at Spitzbergen, 399 ; chartering of the Dutch Arctic Company, 

 399 ; history of its prosperity and decline, 400-409 ; general participation 

 in the Arctic fisheries, 410 ; uncertainty of results in the whale fishery, 

 410 ; comparative freedom of this fishery from Government interference, 

 411-413 ; injury to the fishery caused by the frequent wars in the latter 

 part of the seventeenth century, 413-417 ; formation of a committee of 

 representatives of the fishery, 41 7 ; regulation made by this body with 

 respect to salvage, 418-420 ; fishery prohibited in consequence of French 

 war and war of the Spanish succession, 421 ; fitting out by Dutchmen of 

 expeditions from Hamburg and Bremen, 421 ; removal of the prohibition, 

 421 ; grant by the States General to the Greenland Fishery Com- 

 missioners of a control over the fishery, 422, 423 ; extension of the 

 fishery to Davis Straits, 423 ; pretensions of Denmark to exclusive 

 fishing rights in the northern seas, 424, 425 ; immunities granted to the 

 Greenland fishery in the matter of furnishing seamen to man the navy 

 and in provision of convoyers, 425 ; in exemption from excise duties, 426 ; 

 advantages taken of this to traffic with natives of the countries visited, 

 426, 427 ; decline of the fishery, 427 ; grant of bounties, 428 j continued 

 depression in the whale fishery owing to war with England, 428, 429 ; 

 owners allowed to sell their ships to foreigners under certain conditions, 

 429 ; continued grant of bounties, 429 ; general decay of the fishery at 

 the close of the Republic, 430. The Cod Fishery Its unimportance 

 compared with the herring fishery, 430 ; mode of fishing adopted, 431 ; 

 vessels employed, 431 ; mode of preparing the fish calight in the Iceland 



