46 Great Britain Division IX. Life-boat Shed. 



portion is Bimply a water tank made in the form of the lower part of an ordinary boat. They 

 are connected by four chains which admit of the lowering of the tank a considerable distance 

 below the raft. To meet the exigencies arising from a rough sea, the tank is charged with 

 water and lowered by means of the four chains ; to regain its normal condition the water is 

 expelled from the tank by forcing air into it. 



401. ATTYE, MISS, Guyseliff, Milberton, Leamington. Cork Jacket 

 made from old wine bottle corks. 



402. JAQUES, R. D. Agent: A. Inderwick, 27 Bedford Eow, London 

 Life Boat. 



403. SNOULTER, W. G., 96 High Street, Poplar, E. (1) One Life 

 Kaft, model, self-expanding. (2) One Bulwark Life Kaft. (3) Life Buoys. (4) Life Belts. 



SHETLAND AND THE ORKNEYS. 



GREEN, JOSEPH, The Docks, Lerwick, Shetland. Model of a 

 " Sixern," " Sixareen," or six-oared yawl (Old Norse Sexoeringr). Scale, one inch to the foot. 

 Timber, Norway fir. Fastened, iron. Length on keel, 20ft.; length, over-all, 29 ft; beam, 

 amidships, 8 ft. ; depth, at stem-head, 5 ft. ; depth, amidships, 3 ft. 3 in. ; depth, at stern-post, 

 4 ft. 9 in. ; oars, ars, pulled with one thole-pin called a kale (Old Norse Tteipr) and a grummet, 

 called a humlaband (Old Norse, homluband), length of, 16 ft. ; mast, total length of, 22 ft. ; yard, 

 total length of, 18ft. ; hoist of sail, 18ft. Gin. Total cost, all found, except nets and lines, 26. 

 Till within the last forty years or so, all the larger Shetland boats were imported direct from 

 Norway in boards ready for putting together. At that time, the boats rarely, if ever, exceeded 

 18 ft. on keel, and had a somewhat flatter floored midship section. Even at the present day 

 most, if not all, of the names of the different portions of a sixern, of the articles of her 

 equipment, and of the terms used in'her navigation and in connection with fishing, are, at any 

 rate, in the outlying parts of Shetland, of Norse origin. 



LAURENCE, JOHN ROBERT, Fair Isle, Shetland. Model of a 

 Fair Isle Skiff. 



As this model was not made by a professional boatbuidler, the following details of a typical Fair Isle Skiff 

 kindly supplied by Mr. John Eunson, boatbuilder, East Shore, Dunrossness, are inserted in the place of measures 

 taken from the model itself. 



Timber, fir. Fastened, iron. Length, on keel, 15 ft. 6 in. ; length, over-all, 22 ft. ; beam ; 

 extreme, 5 ft. 8 in. ; depth, at stem-head, 3 ft. 6 in. ; depth, at stern-post, 3 ft. 3 in. ; mast, stepped 

 nearly amidships, total length of, 14 ft. 6_in. ; yard, total length of, 11 ft. ; hoist of sail, 14 ft. ; 

 oars or paddles (three pair), pulled, as in 'sixern, with Jtabe and humlaland, each oar or paddle 

 being in length 10 ft. 2 in. Total cost, all found, except fishing lines, 6 10s. These Fair Isle 

 Skiffs, though apparently mere cockle-shells, are very buoyant, and it is said to be perfectly 

 wonderful the amount of sea they will live through. Three men constitute the crew, who 

 pull a very short chopping stroke, at times, when cutting an eddy or string of tide, reaching 

 nearly forty-five a minute. In the last century, similar boats seem to have been in use all 

 over Shetland, but at the present day they are confined to Fair Isle. 



ORKNEY, The .Commissioners of Supply for. Model of a Westray, 

 or North Isles, Yawl. Scale, one inch to the foot. Timber, oak and white Norwegian pine. 

 Fastened, galvanized iron. Length, on keel, 14 ft. ; length, over-all, 19ft. 3 in. ; beam, extreme, 

 7 ft. 6 in. ; depth at stem-head, 4 ft. 7 in. ; depth, at lowest point of gunwale, 3 ft. 6 in. ; depth, 

 at stern-post, 4 ft. 4J in. ; oars (two pair), one pair 14 ft., the other, 12 ft. ; masts (two), each 

 16 ft. ; foremast, stepped from stem, 2 ft. 4 in. ; mainmast, stepped from stem, 9 ft. ; bowsprit, 

 outboard, 5 ft. ; sails, jib, lateen foresail, and lateen boom-mainsail : jib, hoist, 13 ft., foot, 6 ft. 

 6 in. foresail, yard, 9 ft., hoist, 12 ft., foot, 10 ft. mainsail, yard, 8 ft. 6 in., hoist, 12 ft., 

 foot, 10ft., boom, lift.. Cost, equipped for sea, 15. The yawl is said to be very buoyant, 

 and capable of living through very heavy sea ; a fair sailer in smooth water, but not weatherly 

 in rough water or chopping seas. 



The Norse type of boat in 'the Orkneys is confined chiefly to the North Isles, where skiffs and hybrids 

 between a skiff and a yawl are sometimes smack-rigged. In 1 former days all the large boats used at the Orcadian- 

 herring fishery were similar in type and rig to the North Isles yawl. These, however, are now superseded by 

 the " Firthy " boats in common use on the East Coast of Scotland. In the Southern Isles the smaller boats are 

 generally built on similar lines to the ordinary English and Scotch type of small boats, and as a rule are sprit rigged. 



The Best and Cheapest. First Established 1825. 



HEAVE'S 

 FOOD 



FOR 



INFANTS 



INVALIDS. 



IN ONE -POUND ONE SHILLING CANISTERS. 

 BOLD EVERYWHERE. WHOLESALE OF THE MANUFACTURERS, 



JT. Jt. HTWAV3B *V Co., JFording-bridsre, 



