Great Britain Division XXXII. Machinery in Motion. 79 



surrounded by Diamonds. (6) Pair of round Coral Earrings, girdled with bands of Diamonds. 

 (7) Coronet or Head-dress of Coral. 



692. DE JACOBIS, RINALDO, 215 St. John Street, Clerkenwell, 

 London, E.G. (1) Shell Cameos of all sorts ; also Ornamental Shells. (2) Coral in rough 

 state and manufactured. 



693. FRANCATI AND SANTAMARIA, 65 Hatton Garden, London. 

 (1) Shells and Corals, rough and in course of manufacture. (2) Suites of Shell and Coral 

 ornaments and jewellery. (3) Shell Mosaics, set in jet, cameos, &c. (4) Cut Shell. (5) 

 Method of working, illustrated by English workmen. 



6930. STANFORD, EDWARD CHARLES, F.C.S., Dalnmir, Dum- 

 bartonshire. Products from seaweed, including a series specially illustrating Stanford's new 

 method of utilizing it in the production of algin and the manufacture of paper. 



6936. GOLDSMITHS' AND SILVERSMITHS' COMPANY, 112 

 Kegent Street, W. Collections of Pearls, Corals, &c. 



693^. HERMANN, JAMES, 12 Edward Street, Hampstead Eoad, N.W. 

 Articles made from Ivory, Pearl, Coral, Tortoise-shell, Fish Skins, and all kinds of shells. 



693^. MARRIOTT, MRS. K, 46 Baydon Street, Dartmouth Park Hill, 

 Highgate, N. Patent Prize Medal Ventilated Coal, manufactured for the use of steam engines . 



694. THOMPSON, HENRY JAMES, Upper Walmer, Kent. (1) Pair 

 of Alabaster Vases, with Shell Flowers and Insects. (2) A Round Shade and Stand, Basket 

 Frame Work, with Shell Flowers, &c. (3) A Round Shade and Basket of Ferns, Flowers, &c. 

 (4) An Oval Shade and Basket with Group of Flowers and Butterflies, all natural shells. 



694^. SALVIATI, DR., BURKE & CO., 31U Eegent Street. Venetian 

 Blown Glass. These glasses have been purposely manufactured for the Fisheries Exhibition, 

 the principal designs representing marine subjects such as dolphins, sea-horses, dragons, 

 swans, &c., and in great variety of wares, such as the opal, avventurino, fume', corniola, acqua 

 marina, &c. 



MACHINERY IN MOTION. See Plan, p. 84. 



MACHINERY IN ITS APPLICATION TO FISHING. 



MACHINERY, in whatever form, is from its very nature and origin indissolubly connected 

 with civilisation. Its conception needs years of accumulated thought; its construction 

 requires stores of accumulated wealth ; and its application demands large fields of accu- 

 mulated material. No one, unless he have had long practice in such kind of work, can desire 

 off-hand an effective instrument for executing the purposes of the simplest handicraft. No 

 one can go a single step out of the regular course of trade without becoming involved in 

 expenses to which he can foresee no practical limit. No one would dream of incurring the 

 outlay of time and capital needed for the erection of machinery, unless the store of materials 

 for which it is destined far exceed the amount which could be worked in the same time by 

 hand. Now these three qualifications alone, accumulated capital, accumulated labour, accu- 

 mulated thought, form three main elements in the analysis of material civilisation ; but there 

 is a further aspect to the question which indicates the need for a still higher degree of culture. 

 The introduction of machinery inevitably entails an increased demand, both upon the moral 

 and intellectual qualities in proportion to its own power and complexity. Vigilance, patience, 

 concentrated attention, strict fidelity to orders, combined with latent fertility of resource, 

 liable at any moment to be called into action these and other similar Dualities are absolute 

 essentials for the machinist, and are developed in him by the mere pursuit of his daily 

 occupations. Accordingly the progress made from a material point of view by the various 

 classes of the body politic may be to a great extent measured and defined by the ingenuity of 

 instruments adapted for the purposes of their industry, as for instance in the bonanza farms of 

 America, where every 4 kind of agricultural process is accomplished by steam. In this light the 

 application of machinery to fishing possesses a peculiar interest, for it shows how the barriers 

 of centuries are silently giving way, and the character of poverty and simplicity, which for so 

 long distinguished this ancient industry, is gradually, not to say rapidly, changing beneath 

 the combined influences of wealth and thought. 



An inquiry, therefore, of the extent to which machinery now enters into the apparatus of 

 fishing is evidently a matter of high interest, both from a commercial and a social point 

 of view. An analysis of this kind can only be properly performed, of course, by an examina- 

 tion of the particular instances wherein machinery has been successfully applied, and as no 

 more favourable opportunity for such an investigation can well be conceived than is afforded 



