United States of America. 201 



XXXIV. MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN THE ARTS AND MANUFACTURES. 



138. Ivory of mammals, including tusks of Walrus used for trinkets, handles, 

 jewelry, buttons, paper-knives, counters, &c. ; ivory of Narwhal, Monodon monoceros, used for 

 canes ; teeth of Sperm Whale, Physeter macrocephalus, and their application to the manufactiue 

 of balls, buttons, and trinkets. 



139. Ivory of reptiles ; teeth of Alligator, used for jewelry, whistles, cane- 

 handles, buttons, &c. An extensive trade in Alligator teeth is carried on in Eastern Florida, 

 several establishments being engaged in their manufacture into fancy articles. 



140. Bone of Mammals, including Sperm Whale, jaw-bone made into 

 harness-rings, martingales, sail thimbles, pulley-blocks, seine-needles, chopping-knife, &c. ; 

 " Os mirabilis " of Walrus, used for charms, &c. ; bone of fishes, including sword of Swordfish, 

 Xiphias gladius. 



141. Baleen, or whalebone, crude and prepared, for various uses. This 

 collection includes slabs of whalebone of JBowhead Whale, Balxna mysticetus, North-west coast 

 Eight Whale, Balxna Sieboldii, Humpback Whale, Megaptera versabilis, Sulphurbottom Whale, 

 Sibbaldius sulfureus, California Gray Whale, Ehachianectes glaucus, and other species ; strips 

 of bone prepared by the Eskimo ; also whalebone in condition to be used in the manufacture 

 of whips, brushes, hats, caps, canes, corsets, and numerous other articles. 



142. Tortoise-shell, Eretmochelys squamata, and commercial tortoise-shell 

 used in manufacture of combs, knife handles, and other articles. 



143. Scales of fishes used in ornamental work, with specimens of flowers 

 and other articles manufactured. 



144. Pearls and nacre, embracing the pearl-yielding shells, with the pearls 

 and the mother-o'-pearl in the rough state, with the manufactured buttons, handles, and 

 jewelry, pearl-powder, inlaid work, and paper-mache, ornamented with mother-o'-pearl ; ear- 

 shells Haliotidss used in manufacture of buttons, handles, inlaid work, and pearl powder ; 

 Pearl oysters, Aviculidfe, with pearls and nacre ; Kiver Mussels Unionidse, with pearls and 

 nacre, crude and polished. 



145. Cameo shell and shells of Cyprsea, Rotella, Oliva, Turritella, &c., mounted 

 as buttons and jewelry, composition shell work for box covers and frames, made by gluing 

 shells in mosaic ; cuttle-fish bone from Sepia ojficinalis, used as a pounce, as a dentifrice, as 

 polishing powders, for taking fine impressions in counterfeiting, and as food for birds ; con- 

 cretions from the stomach of Astacus, known as " crab's-eyes " and " crab-stones," and used as 

 antacids ; shell of king-crab, Limulus polyphemus, used as a boat-bailer. 



146. Alligator leather Alligator mississippiensis, salted and tanned, and 

 manufactured into satchels, slippers, boots, &c. (See exhibit of Tiffany & Co., and H. J. 

 Mahrenholz.) Skins of Eels, Anguilla vulgaris, Sturgeon, Acipenser rubicundus, Cod, Gadus 

 morhua, Hake, Phycis chuss, Cusk, Brosmius brosme, and other species, crude, and manufac- 

 tured into shoes, isinglass, &c. (See exhibits of Gloucester Isinglass and Glue Co. and Kussia 

 Cement Co.) 



147. Isinglass (ichthyocolla), made from air-bladders and skins of fishes and 

 used in the manufacture of fine glues and sizes, adhesive and court plasters, diamond 

 cement, imitation glass, and table-jelly and confectionery, in refining wines and liquors, in 

 adulterating milk, in fixing the lustre of artificial pearls, and in lustreing silk ribbons, 

 (embracing the dried and the manufactured products) in their grades of " lyre," " heart- 

 shaped," " leaf," and " book " isinglass. Hard and liquid fish-glue made from skins of Cod, 

 Cusk, Hake, and other species ; carriage axle, hats, oil-cloths, spools, &c., in the manufacture 

 of which fish-glue is used. (See exhibits of Gloucester Isinglass and Glue Co. and Kussia 

 Cement Co.) 



148. Specimens of American commercial sponges. (See invertebrate 

 exhibit.) 



149. Oils and fats, including Seal oil in its various grades, used for 

 lubricating ; Sea Elephant oil, crude and bleached ; oil from body of whales, Grampuses, and 



ANDERSON, ABBOTT, UNO ANDERSON, 



37, Queen Victoria Street, London, England, 



Alleinige Fabrikanten der beruhmten 

 "LEVE ANTIPLUVIUM " WASSERDICHTEN KLEIDUNGSSTUCKE, 



Welche in alien Klimas brauchbar sind. 



Es ist dieses das leichteate Zeug der ganzen Welt fur wasserdichte Herrn Bocke 

 tod Fischer-Stiefeln. 



