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DENMARK. 



(See Plan, p. 176.) 



A. DENMARK PROPER. 



THE most important of the fisheries in the open sea are the following: 1. The fishery of had- 

 dock, cod, and flat fishes, carried on in the North Sea and the Skagerak at a distance of eighteen 

 to twenty-two English miles from the coast of Jutland, by means of long lines.* The proceeds 

 of this was estimated in 1879 at 1,378,000 crowns, but must be supposed to have increased since. 

 2. The hook-fishery of salmon in the Baltic, carried on from Bornholm and Christianso, of 

 which the total proceeds were estimated in 1879 at 507,800 crowns. 3. The fishery of herrings 

 by means of drifting nets f in the Great Belt, the Kattegat, and in the Baltic from Bornholm. 

 The value of the autumn fishery of herrings in the Kattegat and the Great Belt is estimated 

 at 350,000 crowns. The most important Coast Fishery outside the Fjords of the Baltic 

 and the Kattegat, in the Belts and the Sound, has for its object the so-called " Blanke Aal," 

 a variety of the common eel (Anguilla migratoria, Kr.). This fishery is carried on by means 

 of Aalegaarde,t Slsebevaad, Pulsvaad, [| Snurrevaad,^ hooks, boxes, eel-spears, &c., and the 

 annual proceeds are estimated at 1,600,000 crowns. Besides this a certain quantity of spring- 

 herring, cod, and gar-fish are taken by means of Bundgarn.** The Fishery in the Fjords or 

 narrow inlets from the sea, which are so numerous in Denmark, comprises, besides salt-water 

 species, several fish properly belonging to fresh water, such as pike and perch, the water of the 

 Fjords being in many places brackish. The value of this fishery upon the whole cannot be 

 estimated with any accuracy. Special mention must be made of the Limf jord which separates 

 the northernmost portion of Jutland from the main portion. Since 1826, when a channel 

 was formed between the North Sea and the head of the Limfjord, the latter has become 

 virtually a Sound, and the fishery has in part become a salt-water fishery. Eels are taken 

 here by means of eel-spears of various constructions, nets, hooks, and weels ; herrings by 

 means of Vaadff and Bundgarn; cod are caught in nets and with hooks; flat fish are taken 

 in Vaad or Nedgarn J ; lobsters too are fished for here. The value of this fishery was put down 

 as amounting to 450,000 crowns in 1881. Besides this, two millions of oysters are taken 

 annually, to a value of 300,000 crowns. The Fresh-water Fishery of Denmark is of no great 

 importance on account of the small extent of lakes and rivers. The species of fish are 

 those usually occurring in that latitude. The whole value may be taken to be about 150,000 

 crowns, of which about 60,000 crowns' worth are exported to Germany. The total annual value 

 of the fisheries in Denmark proper may be estimated at about 5,500,000 crowns, of which 

 2,300,000 crowns represent the export to other countries, 2,000,000 crowns the value of the 

 fish sold in Denmark, and 1,200,000 crowns the consumption of the fishing population itself. 

 The number of families living principally by fishery is about 4,300 ; 7,000 families derive 

 subsidiary income from fishing. In all, 11,300 families are connected with this industry. 

 The number of boats employed having decks or wells is about 1,000, besides from 4,000 to 



* The Danish term rendered " long line " is " Bakke." The implement consists in a long' line to which shorter 

 anes are attached at certain intervals ; these latter (which are called " snoods " in English) being furnished 

 with baited hooks and terminal floats. The term " trawl " generally means " trawl net " a net dragged along 

 the sea-bottom and kept down by weights, as used by the fishermen in the North Sea. 



f "Drifting nets" stands for " Drivegarn "nets floating near the surface, or at any rate not fixed or kept 

 down near the bottom. 



J " Aalegaard" means a set of weels. 



$ " Slsebevaad" is a net dragged along the bottom, but not so heavy as a trawl net. 



|| ' Pulsvaad " is a net into which the fish is driven after the net has been conveniently fixed, by beating the 

 surface of the water with a peculiar club-shaped wooden instrument, of which the broader end is excavated a 

 little. The instrument is driven down against the water with the excavated end foremost. The noise produced 

 can be heard at a great distance, and frightens the fish into the net. 



^[ " Snurrevaad " is a net of which one end is firmly fixed by means of an anchor, the boat being worked up to the 

 latter. 



** " Bundgarn " means a net forming an enclosure in the whole depth of M 

 water, fixed on rafters driven into the ground, and with an inverted opening If .,. 

 towards a net stretched towards the shore intercepting fish and leading them ' 

 to the enclosure. 



ft " Vaad " means a fishing-net generally, but especially a net which is thrown out from a boat or near the shore 

 and then dragged in. 



J " N edgarn " is a term used for all nets where the fish is caught by entagling in the meshes. 



