Netherlands. 291 



FRESH FISH. Next to the herring fishery the capture of fresh fish is the principal one in 

 Holland. The fish are sometimes caught with hooks, but more frequently with trawls and 

 other drag nets. In this fishery all the " bonisehuiten " of the coast take part during the 

 winter, and some of the luggers which carry on the herring fishery in summer ; also the fifty 

 large vessels referred to above, and all sorts of other vessels great and small hailing from the 

 small towns along the coast. 



The complaint of scarcity, especially in regard to flat fish, becomes gradually more general, 

 but it should be noted on the other hand that extravagantly high prices are obtained for fresh 

 fish, so that the prosperity of fishermen is now on the whole greater than was formerly the 

 case. A great part of the fish is exported, more particularly for Belgium. In the last three 

 years the following quantities were exported : 1880, 6,959,000 kiloa. ; 1881, 4,800,000 kilos. ; 

 1882, 4,311,000 kilos. These figures however do not include the export of shrimps, which 

 in 1882 mounted to 1,178,000 kilogrammes, nearly all of which quantity was sent to England. 

 In the Zuider Zee are caught, in addition to herrings as above stated, anchovies, plaice 

 congers, and shrimps. The anchovy fishery, which, from May to July employs some 1200 

 boats, is in fortunate years the richest product of the Zuider Zee. The harvest is however 

 extremely uncertain, for while in abundant years it sometimes amounts to over 70,000 baskets 

 each of about 3,500 fish, in poor years the whole may be put down at 1000 baskets. During 

 the last six years the catch has been extremely small. 



CULTURE OF SHELL-FISH. Oyster breeding in the province of Zeeland, until lately un- 

 important, has during the last fifteen years increased considerably, thanks to the particular 

 care bestowed on the enrichment of the beds and the high price obtained for the produce 

 of late years from 60 to 65 guilders per 1000. In 1881 21,800,000 oysters were brought to 

 market, half of which quantity was sent to England while the other half was either retained 

 for home consumption or sent to the Belgian and German dealers. Next to that of oysters, 

 the production of mussels is very important, both in Zeeland and in the Zuider Zee. From 

 the last-named sea there were sent, in 1881, to England, via Harlingen, 11 million kilo- 

 grammes of this shell-fish. 



SALMON FISHERY. The fishery of salmon in the Dutch rivers is now in a very satisfactory 

 condition, not only on account of the rich catches, but also in consequence of the very high 

 prices obtained for the supplies. At Kralingen, a village in the neighbourhood of Rotterdam, 

 which is the centre of this trade, there were sold in 1882 55,079 head. The prices fetched 

 varied from about f. 7 to f. 1 per kilogramme. The greatest harvest in the last decade was in 

 1874 (77,070 head), the lowest in 1879 (38,914 head). 



FUNDS FOR FISHERMEN. At the principal fishing ports there exist funds called " rents " 

 for the maintenance and education of the widows and orphans of fishermen who are 

 drowned. These funds are partly kept up by voluntary contributions, and partly by 

 -contributions by masters of vessels and by fishermen. 



J. F. BUYS, 

 Secretary to the College for Sea Fisheries in the Netherlands. 



DIVISION I. 



1. COMPANY FOR SEA FISHERIES, Maassluis : Manager, Cli. 

 Maas. (1) A rigged Trawl Net, with pit-rope. (2) A ditto. (3) A Loose Pit. (4) A 

 Ground Line, with wide rigged hooks. (5) A ditto, with close rigged hooks. (6) A Basket, 

 with baited fishing lines. (7) A Buoy and Grapnel Line, for groundlme fisheries. (8) A 

 Buoy for groundline fisheries. (9) A Grapnel. (10) A Gaff. (11) Model of a Lamprey 

 Tub at a quarter of the real size. 12) A ditto. (13) A Deep Sea Hand Line, with lead, 

 hooks, and basket. (14) A Best for Same. (15) A Herring Net, for bait fishing. (16) A 

 Cork-rope of Manilla Hemp. (17) A ditto (Cotton). (18) A Bowl. (19) A Head Bowl- 

 (20) Used Herring Nets, (1) mounted and rigged, ready for fishing ; (2) unrigged. 



2. SMIRREN, J. VAN, Vollenhoven. (1) Pit Net. (2) Flounder 

 Drag Net. (3) Herring Net. (4) Silk Flounder Net. (5) Silk Smelt Net, for fishing under 

 the ice. (6) Two Herring Bow Nets, with three side nets. (7) A Silk Perch Net. 



3. WUYSTER, M., Maassluis. (1) A Herring Net, mounted and rigged 

 in 1876 and since used every year. (2) Herring Net used since 1877. (3) Used since 1878. 



Y 2 



