Netherlands. 297 



are more adapted for the work than Hookers. When Hookers flourished, strict laws regulated 

 the Herring fishing, fixing the date of departure of the ships on the 15th of June which was 

 called " Burzendag," and the previous Sunday was called " Vlaggendag," when the whole 

 fleet lying, in the harbour, fresh painted and flags gaily flying, presented a holiday appear- 

 ance, thousands gathering together from the neighbouring towns and villages to admire them, 

 expressing the general interest in the national enterprise. On the day appointed the vessels 

 sailed for the Shetland Isles, but were not allowed to cast the nets before the 24th of June. 

 The first take of Herrings by the fleet was sent home by the " Jager," a vessel noted for fast 

 sailing and hired for that purpose by the owners of tbe Hookers. Its safe arrival gave rise to 

 great rejoicing, and from the Herrings first landed, presents were sent to H.M. the King, and 

 members of the royal family. Banquets were held, of which Herrings formed the principal 

 dish, and even poets sang their praises : " Who first between his teeth The dainty morsel 

 takes Enjoys a glorious treat." The first Herrings frequently brought 700 guilders (about 

 60) per barrel, and were sold by small quantities from 2s. to 3s. a piece ; in the year 1815 

 the first 195 barrels were sold for fr. 41,414 rather over 3450 thus averaging about 17 

 per barrel. The laws regulating the time of fishing having been abolished, every one is free 

 to commence when he thinks best; owing to the enormous supply the average quantity 

 caught by Luggers is double that formerly caught by Hookers, to the greater advantage of 

 the owners, as well as increasing the supply for general consumption. The Herrings caught 

 by Hookers in the North Sea (58-60 Lat.) and prepared^in the old Dutch manner, i.e. gutted 

 and salted on board, are acknowledged to be much superior in quality, being more tender and 

 fatter than all other kinds, preserving their agreeable flavour even till the following year. 

 But fishing in these latitudes requires much patience and time, because the best Herrings are 

 not always plentiful there during the summer. The wages of the crew or men engaged in 

 the Luggers being a percentage of the amount realised, they prefer quantity to quality ; but 

 those engaged on board the Hookers receive wages, thus adding to the trouble and expense of 

 their equipment. Our firm is the only one in Holland having a Hooker engaged in the 

 Herring fishing on the old principle. It is only owing to the rarity and value of Herrings 

 thus brought to shore, that we generally realise double the price of Lugger-caught Herrings, 

 and thus are repaid for our extra trouble and expenses. 



55. TEN HOUTEN EN DE RAADT, Kralingsche veer. (1) Fresh 

 and smoked Salmon. (2) Oysters. 



56. SMIRREN, J. VAN, Vollenlioven. (1) A Bottle of Shrimps, in 



vinegar. (2) Ditto, in salt. (3) A bottle of preserved Eels. (4) Ditto, Anchovy. 



DIVISION XXXV. 



57. DUTCH SOCIETY FOR PROGRESS AND IMPROVE- 

 MENT OF OYSTER CULTURE, Bergen-op-Zoom, province of Zeeland. (1) Five 

 Models of Oyster Tanks in Zeelaud. (2) Different Apparatus for Keeping Young Oysters 

 (Nurseries). (3) Tiles prepared for Collecting Spat. (4) Dredges for Oyster Fishing. 

 (5) Implements, viz. (a) Different sorts of Knives for detaching the young oysters from the 

 chalked tile. (&) Tile Scrapers. N.B. When the young oysters have been detached, the 

 tiles are scraped clean to serve anew, (c) Tanks to hold the clean tiles for immersion in 

 the chalk mixture, (d) Shovel, as used in the tanks for shifting and manipulating oysters 

 for sale. 



58. FISHERIES COMPANY " DE WEMELDINGSCHE COM- 

 PAGNIE," Wenieldinge, Zeeland. (1) Frame-shaped Collectors, with stone " cornishes'," 

 used in oyster culture. (2) Iron Board for Brood Oysters, used instead of the wooden ones 

 for damaged young oysters. 



59. MASSEE, J. C., & SON, Goes. A Set of Zinc-Pans for Oyster- 

 brood. 



60. NOORDHOEK HEGT, J., Apeldoorn. (1) Model of the Locality 

 of Salmon Breeding. (2) Gratings for the Salmon-Eggs. (3) Plan of the whole Locality repre- 

 senting the situation of about 50 streams and 90 fish ponds, nearly all in use. (4) Salmon 

 (.salmo solar), cultivated at the " Zwaanspreng," of different ages (in spirit) viz. (1) Salmo- 



ANDERSON, ABBOTT, AND ANDERSON. 



Ooirt**aetors to the Eliiglijsli. Government for 

 OIJL.SKEV CJLOTIirNCi, ; as worn for Sub- 

 marine, Mining-, and Torpedo \Vorks ; also for 

 their Patent Finish OILSKIN KIT J3A.Gr 9 as 

 introduced toy them, and adopted for the 

 British 



