332 Portugal. 



porco* (pig's noses), of which there are twenty, managed by two and sometimes by one person 

 only. These are engaged in lobster catching, also try for sardines, and sometimes use hooks. 

 This port possesses a hundred and seventy fishermen. The season for whiting (with large 

 boats) is from July to October inclusive, and at other times whenever the weather and water 

 permit. 



Lisbon. Eiver and coast fishing. There are, more or less, six boats (canoas) of small 

 dimensions employed in line fishing on the river, and in summer, from June to August, proceed 

 to Cascaes, Cabo Rezo, and Arta de Caperaia. The number of fishermen is twenty or thirty. 



Betem. About six boats, more or less, with the same number for crew, and under the same 

 conditions as at Lisbon. 



Bom Successo. Three or four boats and fifteen men. 



Pago d'Arcos. Here are five or six boats employing twenty to thirty men. The tackle 

 used are hooks and lines. The season is from June to August, and the calling is plied both 

 within and beyond the promontories at a distance of three miles, and on rocky bottoms at a 

 depth of from 80 to 40 fathoms, fishing is carried up to Cabo de Koca to a depth of 500 fathoms, 

 also on rocky bottoms. 



Cascaes. The branches of industry are fishing with various lines and tackle, some for 

 whiting and other varieties of fish, others for sardines. There are a dozen boats, manned by 

 about thirty hands, which fish under the same conditions as at Pac,o d'Arcos. Apparatus, 

 armacdes. In the months from March to September there are placed in the bay four or five of 

 these, which employ about twenty small boats, with 100 or 150 fishermen of different ranks. 

 The depth of water is 11 or 12 fathoms, the size of mesh in the nets is J, 1, 3, and 6 inches 

 (polgedas). 



Costa de Caparica.The branch of the industry here is fishing with drag nets, called 

 Artes. There are on this shore twenty-four boats (saveiros), manned by 500 or 600 hands. 

 Fishing is conducted at all seasons of the year, the nets being launched in from 6 to 10 fathoms 

 of water, and have meshes of from 1 J to 6 inches. 



Trafaria. Hook and line fishing and in winter nets are employed for sardines, also 

 casting nets, mesh , 1, and 1J inches. There are fourteen or sixteen boats (saveiros) and 

 twenty canoes and small boats, with about 400 or 500 people. 



Seisal. Branches of industry, catching sardines and other fish. These are captured with 

 drag-nets (Tantarenhas), and in the case of sardines with trawling nets. There are four or five 

 smacks (moletas), fifteen to twenty boats for the drag-nets, and over thirty employed in sardine 

 fishing; the number of men being from three to four hundred. Outside the harbour the 

 smacks and boats often trawl twelve miles to the south-east of Cabo de Boca to the coast of 

 Capisson, at a depth of six fathoms, the meshes used are f, 1, 1J and 3 polegadas 

 The smacks fish in summer and in winter too when weather permits, and also enter the 

 river. In winter the fishery is principally confined to netting sardines within the roadsteads. 



Barreiro. Net fishing. Vessels employed, sixteen to twenty smacks and boats, and two or 

 three trawlers. These fish all the year round on the same conditions as at Seisal. Three 

 hundred men are employed. 



Extra hands (adventidos) at the port of Lisbon. In the months from December to March 

 there come from the various ports of Algarve vessels for the purpose of catching whiting, bream, 

 and roach. The methods of capture are nets and lines, the depth being from 200 to 300 fathoms. 

 There also come from Setubal during the months of April and May certain strangers who ply 

 the whiting fishery with hook and line. From the northern ports, such as Aveiro, Poroa, 

 Ericeira there arrive between October and February some boats of those localities to catch 

 sardines. In the Tagus they try for shad. 



Third District Setubal. 



This comprises the townships of Setubal, Cezimbra, Alcacer do Sol, S. Thiago de Cacem 

 and Sines. Branches of industry, on the coast, gear (armacoet) for sardines and fish in general, 

 artes and chinchas; in the ocean trawling nets, with smacks, &c., also lines. On the river 

 chinchorras (small trawling nets), tresmalhas, catsoara (net for sea lamprey) traps, and wheel 

 nets are used. In estimating the relative importance of the fisheries the first place must be 

 assigned to that with the armacuo, which is valued at 6,000 milreis, then comes that with the 



