Portugal. 333 



arte, at 1,500 milreis. The fishery with hooks is likewise important, and also that for shad. 

 In the year 1877, 154 vessels were enrolled, viz. 101 from Setubal, with crews amounting to 469 

 hands, and 53 from Cezimbra with 201 hands. In 1878 there were 125 vessels with cfews of 

 579, viz. 17 cahiques, 51 canoas, 8 bateis, 13 botas, 17 barcas, 1 lancha and 18 armacoes. The 

 crew of the last named varies daily, extra hands being taken on when wanted. There are 

 besides 19 armacoes on the coast of Cezimbra and from Arrabida^ 9 from the coast of Gale, 

 3 from the coast near the bay of Sevias, and 1 from the south-east of Odemira. There arrive, 

 too, many Spanish feluccas for the purpose of buying sardines. The decline of the fishery 

 industry is attributed to the smallness of the meshes in the nets used. 



Cezimbra. Branches of industry. Fishing for sardines, and large fish, such as whiting, &c. 

 The mode of capture is by the armafdes, trawl-nets, and hook and line. There are also rod 

 fishing and drag net fishing, but these latter are not important. In the nineteen armacocs 

 hailing from this coast from the neighbourhood of Arrabida to Cabo d'Espichel there are 

 employed 114 vessels manned by 700 people (a few more or less), each armacao ordinarily 

 employs six embarcations. To deep-sea fishing there go out forty-one vessels manned by about 

 500 souls. The artes employ the same people as those mentioned above, but only keep them for 

 a small portion of the year. 



Sires. The branches of fishing here are those for sardines and mackerel (sarda ou cavalha). 

 They are caught with implements called armacoes a Valencianna, of which there are three, but 

 they are not all used every year. There are in the bay two chinchorros, and on the^, coast of 

 Molida three large trawl nets. There are thirty small vessels manned by thirty hands, no 

 canoes nor caloes. Net and line fishing is carried on throughout the year ; the armacoes work 

 from March to September, the mackerel being caught during the summer. The nets are 

 launched close to the shore. 



Department of the South. 



This includes the shore from Cape St. Vincent to the river Guadiana, and is divided into 

 five districts, viz. : 1. Lagos, 2. Villa Nova de Portimao, 3. Faro and Olhao, 4. Tavira, 5, Villa 

 Real de Santo Antonio, 



1. Lagos. This district comprises the townships of Lagos and Silva, The gear used 

 consists of artes de arrastar> and armafdes a Valencianna for tunny, Corvina and Sarrajao. 

 The fish caught are sardines, tunny, corvina, and sarrajao. Deep-sea fishing is very limited. 

 Sardine fishing is carried on all through the year, but the proper time is when the shoals 

 arrive, viz,, from the beginning of October to the end of December, Tunny fishery {de direito) 

 is from the beginning of April to the 20th of June, the other (pesca de revez) from the latter date 

 to the end of August. The decline of the industry is attributed here to the want of proper 

 fishing, and also to the lack of men from the tendency these have to engage in the Spanish 

 fisheries. In 1876 there were enrolled 1 armacao with 53 hands, 2 caloes with 8, 3 cahiques 

 with 15, 10 artes with 77, and 8 lanchas with 22 hands. In 1877 the numbers were 1 armacao 

 with 27 hands, 1 caldo with 4, 2 cahiques with 8, 10 artes with 100, and 12 lanchas with 

 30 hands. 



2. Villa Nova de Portimao. This comprises the townships of Portimao and Albufeira. 

 The maritime authorities state that the fishing industry shows a gradual increase on the coast 

 of this province. The branches of industry are net fishing for tunny, corvina, sarrajao, and 

 sardines; deep-sea fishing for whiting, seabream, chicharro, dentao, and mackerel; river 

 fishing for small fish; and oyster dredging. The gear used in the capture are armacoes 

 for tunny, corvina, sarrajao, and sardines : artes for sardines and carapao; gorazeiras ; 

 barquiera; lines for eeabream, &c. : and traps for some other kinds of fish. Lastly, 

 small drag-nets for river fishing, and the rastro are in use. Light boats are attached 

 to the only annac>o used in this district, and the crews number 174 persons. In the 

 fishery with artes 17 calaes and 340 men are engaged, consisting for the most part of 

 men not enrolled (adventicios}. For the deep sea and coast fisheries there are 77 barcas, 

 3 botes and lanchas, and 3 small cahiques, their crews numbering 308. When the sardines 

 appear in shoals the number of extra hands is much less than that cited above. The season 

 for tunny, corvina, and sarrajao is the montba of May, June, July, August, and September. 

 The sardine is caught all the year round, but with most profit in August and September ; 

 whiting in January, February, and March; the dentao and seabream in June, July, and 



