334 Portugal. 



August ; the ch'icharro in January. Trap fishing is in force till the year round ; oyster 

 dredging from December to April ; net fishing in the river throughout the year. 



3. Faro. This district comprises the townships of Faro and Olhao. The value of 

 fishery products exported to Spain and cleared from Faro was, in 1875, 209,882 milreis ; in 

 1876, 139,797 milreis ; in 1877, 153,840 milreis. The branches of industry are tunny fishing 

 with armacoes, sardine fishing with artes, line fishing and dredging for oysters. The tunny 

 are captured by being driven into enclosures called almadrabas, sardines are caught with drag- 

 nets, oysters with the rastro, other fish with lines, &c. Kiver fishing is carried on with the 

 tresmalho and various other nets. There exists in this district an establishment for the 

 preparation of oysters, and which exports them to Paris in boxes of 100 and 200 tins. Seven 

 or eight boats, manned by 60 or 70 people, are employed in oyster dredging. The vessels on 

 the list are 1 cahique, 11 barcas, 40 lanchas , 1 sa-vciro, 12 botes, and 2 calces. There are 

 4 artes for sardine catching, 3 armacves for tunny. The number of persons employed is 459. 



Olhao, delegation of Faro. The people of this district is beyond doubt the most industrious 

 of the coast of Algarve, applying themselves throughout the year to one or other branch of the 

 industry. The branches here are artes for sardines, armacoes for tunny and corvina ; deep-sea 

 fishing, which is divided into groups for the several kinds of fish, is carried on at various'places 

 such as Charnal, Fourdinhas, &c. 



The catching of mackerel (avalha and sardd) and the sarrajdo is carried on at Larache, 

 and that of Janeiro to the neighbourhood of the port of Lisbon. There are besides fisheries of 

 various kinds on the coasts and rivers, viz., that with the treemalho, tapa esteiros, redinha, 

 choqueiroz t marisqueiros, and several other sorts of fishing implements. 



The most important of these industries is sardine fishing, then that for tunny, afterwards 

 that for coiro, whiting, sarrajdo and mackerel, shell-fish, and lastly that for miscellaneous sorts. 

 The methods of capture are armacoes or almadrabas, each of the former employing eleven em- 

 barcations for working the gear and the transport of fish, with structures for the storage of 

 material and the shelter of people. In this district there exists only one, an armacao de revez. 

 The artes for sardines have each a caldo and a batel and small boats (lanchas) for the transport 

 of fish. The gear used are known by the names of espineis, tttllas, gorazeiras, palanques, 

 arqueiras. The linhas are small nets used for the implements known as tresmalhos and tapa 

 esteiros. Besides these many other appliances are in use. Oysters too are caught in this 

 neighbourhood and are exported. 



The destination of the fish sold is in the case of tunny, Olhao Tavira, and Villa Real de Sto. 

 Antonio, also Spain (after being prepared and salted here), Oran, and Brazil. 



The sardine is sold to Spanish vessels trading at this port, and also goes to some of the 

 ports at the north of the kingdom as well as to some of the Mediterranean ports, notably Oran, 

 much too is consumed in the provinces and at Alerntejo. When the supply is abundant they 

 are salted and compressed. The couro is also prepared here by drying : the commerce in thi?, 

 together with the leitdo, are important, as the value of the exports amount to a considerable 

 sum. The sarrajdo is sold on the spot to Spaniards. Mackerel are prepared on the vessels, and 

 nearly all go to Lisbon. Whiting are generally sold for Spain, the fishermen coming from Cadiz 

 and carrying them away in Spanish vessels. Other fish are consumed in the provinces and 

 at Alemtejo. Shell-fish are mostly exported to Spain. Oysters go to Gibraltar and also to Oran . 

 The number of vessels engaged in the industry cannot be accurately stated, since the same 

 boats are employed in more branches than one. The total number of vessels enrolled in 1877 , 

 was 106 at Olhao, 49 at Ferrata, with artes belonging to Olhao. fin the espinel fisheries there 

 are employed 15 lanchas, and canoas in the larache, 20 caJiiques, 12 canoas and 1 lancha from 

 OlhSo, with 8 cahiques and 6 canoas from Ferrata. The number of vessels in the fisheries for 

 whiting, varies according to the greater or less abundance of the fish : the vessels used being 

 lanchas and canoas only. The Janeiro fishery, which lasts from January to Easter, occupies 14 

 cahiques from Olhao, and 10 from Ferrati : it is pursued all along the Portuguese coast, the pro- 

 duce being carried for sale to Lisbon, Cezimbra and Setubal. The population enrolled for all 

 these vessels numbers 923, made up of 628 from Olhao, and 295 from Ferrata. The season for 

 tunny de direito is from the end of April to June, that de revez from the end of June to the end 

 of August. The sardine is caught all the year, bat with most profit from August to January. 

 Coiro are caught from April to October, and whiting all the year with the gear known as 



