Portugal 335 



tallas, and with linlias from October to March. The Larache fishing tor the sarrajdo is from 

 April to the end of June, and that for mackerel from May to September. The Janeiro fishing 

 for whiting, roach, swordfish, &c., lasts from the end of December to Easter; shell-fish are 

 taken from September to April, the remaining species all the year round. 



4. Tavira. This district consists of the township of Tavira. The branches of the industry 

 are net-fishing and fishing with hooks. The gear used are armaqoes or almadrabas, for tunny, 

 drag-nets for sardines, and hand nets for smaller fish. Hooks and lines are also used. In the 

 rivers and lakes, lines are used, together with hand nets and the candeio. The most important 

 of these methods are the arma^oes and the artes de chovega. The vessels number 7 employed 

 in the transport of fish (andainas*), 13 artes de chovega, 15 barcas, employed like the first named, 

 7 canoas, 2 lanchas, 19 bates, and 4 armacdes. There are on the average 330 persons employed 

 in net fishing and on the smaller vessels, and 300 on the armacoes, but on exceptional occasions 

 many persons from inland come to help the fisheries. These latter proceed with the fishing de 

 direito from April to June, and with that de revez from June to the beginning of August. 

 The other appliances work during the year at the most suitable stations. The season for 

 sardines is from October to December, vezago and whiting are taken throughout the year, the 

 swordfish in December, January, and February, the roach and dentao in August and Septem- 

 ber. The produce of this fishery is sold in Portugal and Spain. 



5. Villa Keal de Sto. Antonio. This district comprises the townships of Villa Eeal, 

 Alcoitim, and Martola. The branches are net fishing and line fishing. The means of capture 

 are barcas or chovegas (arte) galeas or circular net, the nets called Crada, solheira, tresmaUto, 

 and tapa esteiros, the palangre and lines. The chovega or arte and the galedo are used for 

 sardines, and lines for the various qualities of fish, and tapa esteiro for the tainha. The sardine 

 fishery is the most important in this district, in the month of October 1877, there were sold in 

 Villa Keal, 27,000 milreis' worth of this fish. The vessels number 1 galeao (now 2), 27 barcas 

 (artes), 50 coasters for carrying fish, 4 lavadas, 6 solheiras, and 2 tresmalhas. There are about 

 1000 persons employed regularly, and besides these some 200 outsiders, principally women and 

 children, who work as extra hands. The total number of seamen enrolled is 1386, but some of 

 these are employed in navigation. The time for catching corvina is from March to the end of 

 June, and that for sardines from September to January, when they most abound. The fourth and 

 fifth districts of this Department have been worked since the convention with Spain by Spanish 

 vessels, of which some 20 or more come here to fish during the sardine season, which is not to 

 the interest of our fishermen. 



NOTE. At Lagos, Portimao, Foz, Olhao, Tovira and Villa Eeal, there are societies for the 

 benefit of fishermen, these were formerly of great help to them, but now, owing to abuses, the 

 societies are in a state of decay and have little importance. 



LISBON, 11 April, 1883. 



OSSERVATORIO DO INFANTE DON LUIS, Lisbon. (1) 

 Notice explanatory of the Storm Warning System in use in Portugal. (2) Specimen of Daily 

 Weather Report. 



BUY YOim WADERS FEOM THE MAKERS, 



AHDERSOH, ABBOTT, & ANDERSON, 



India Rubber Manufacturers, 



37, QUEEN VICTORIA ST., LONDON, E,C, 



