ANALYTICAL INDEX. 



153 



Spawning beds, their construction in arti- 

 ficial fish-culture, ii., 28 ; question of 

 protecting spawning beds of herring, 

 iv., 327, 349 ; definition of the term, 

 ix. , 258 ; distinction between spawning 

 beds and spawning grounds, ix., 258, 

 260 ; legislation for the protection of 

 spawning beds of mussels and oysters, 

 ix.,26i ; procedure to be adopted under 

 Sea Fisheries Act of 1868 to establish 

 protection in particular localities, ix., 



261 ; heavy expenses attending it, ix., 



262 ; nature of the protection granted, 

 ix., 262-264 > regulations for protec- 

 tion of spawning beds in general, ix., 

 264 



Spawning boxes, method of using, vi., 



212 



Spawning cod, fisheries of Lofoten, 

 v., 276, 281 



Spawning fish, protection of, ii., 316 



Spawning grounds, close time for 

 spawning grounds recommended, 

 iv., 334, 349 ; their locality un- 

 certain, ix., 257 ; distinction between 

 spawning grounds and spawning beds, 

 ix., 258 ; examples of spawning 

 grounds, ix., 258 ; futility of past 

 efforts to protect them, ix. , 259 



Spawning herring fisheries, Dutch and 

 Scotch, v., 285 



Spawning offish in India, ii., 474-478 



Spawning places, how defined, ix., 

 258 ; examples of localities so de- 

 signated, ix., 258 ; protective legis- 

 lation, ix., 259, 260 



Spear fishing, in India, ii., 458, 490; 

 in Spain, v., 359 



Spearling, a name given at Portrush to 

 the gar-pike, viii., 236 



Spears, their use, for catching salmon, 

 prohibited, i., 223 ; recognised in 

 olden times, ii., 314, 316 



Special biology of economic fishes, iv., 

 418, 419, 421 



Special Acts regulating fisheries of cer- 

 tain rivers and districts, i., 233 



Speldrings (dried haddocks), viii., 141 



Sperm-oil, quantity and value of that 

 produced in United States, v., 35 



Sperm whales, peculiarity of the head, 



ii., 182; ambergris of perfumery 

 and spermaceti obtained from, ii., 

 184; their spouting, iii., 258 



Spey, sport there during 1883, ii., 365 



Sphyrcenidce, a good, but scarce family 

 of food fishes in New South Wales, 

 v., 319 



Spiller, or long line used in North Sea, 

 i- 303 



Spilliard, same as Spiller. 



Spinax niger, or black shark, rarely 

 taken in British waters, i., 189 



Spine eels in India, ii., 472 



Spineless fishes (Anacanthini), viii., 

 121-314 



Spinous shark, seldom taken in British 

 waters, i., 189 



Spiny-rayed fishes (Acanthopterygii), 

 viii., 57-121 



Spirits of the sea, iii., 32, 84 



Spiroptera obtiisa.) parasites found in 

 mice and other animals, vi., 251 



Spitalfields weaver, name given to the 

 greater weever, viii., 81 



Spitzbergen Seal-Fisheries, remarks on 

 by Mr. Birkbeck, vii., 172 



Sponges, and sponge fisheries, collec- 

 tion exhibited at the International 

 Fisheries Exhibition, iv., 422 ; cul- 

 ture of sponges, iv., 422; fisheries 

 of the Bahamas, Florida, and the 

 Greek islands, their location, iv., 

 422 ; xiii. 34-36 ; United States 

 fisheries, v., 19, 51 ; statistics there- 

 of, v., 27, 51 ; importance and value 

 of the sponge trade of the Bahamas, 

 v - 3 6 9> 371 ; xiii., 36 ; mode of 

 collecting and preparing the sponges, 

 v -> 3 6 9, 370; multitude of species 

 and general description of their 

 form and texture, v., 396, 420 ; 

 a close season undesirable for the 

 fisheries, v., 383; report by W. 

 Saville Kent, on the sponges of the 

 Bahama Islands, v. , 394 ; conditions 

 indispensable to the growth of com- 

 mercial sponge, v., 412; importance 

 of taking them by means of divers in 

 American waters, v., 413; propaga- 

 tion of sponges artificially, v., 414, 

 418 ; precautionary measures against 



