INDEX 



2 9 I 



Eye, v. Pineal eye. 



Feeling, sense of, 46-48. 



Fertilization phenomena, 186, 187, v. 

 comparison tables of the early devel- 

 opment of fishes, 280. 



Fierasfer, 169, 170; F. acus, 169 (Fig. 



175). 



Fins, location of, 3, 4; evolution of, 

 30-46 (Figs. 39-54); unpaired, 31- 

 39 (Figs. 39-43); dorsal and anal, 

 31-35 ( Fi g s - 39-43); caudal, 35- 

 39 (Figs. 44-48); paired, 39-46 

 (Figs. 49-54); pectoral, 41-43 (Figs. 

 49, 5 T -54); ventral, 41-43 (Fig. 

 50); of Chimaeroids, 113; primitive 

 dermal, 31 ; of Cladoselache, 33 (Fig. 

 41) ; of Ccelacanthus, 34 (Fig. 43) ; 

 of Crossopterygian (Holopty chins) t 



33 (Fig- 43)- 



Fin spines, 23; description of, 28-30 

 (Figs. 32-38) ; of Acanthodian, 29 

 (Fig. 32); of Hybodus, 29 (Fig. 

 33) ; of sting-ray, 28, 29 (Fig. 34) ; 

 of Edestzis heinrichsii, 28, 29 (Figs. 

 35-38); of Chimaeroids, 113. 



Fishes, defined, i; movement of, I, 2 

 (Figs, i, 2); type of swift swim- 

 ming fish, 3, 4 (Fig. 3) ; balanced 

 in water, i, 4; symmetry of, 4; nu- 

 merical lines of, 5, 6 (Figs. 5-8); 

 effect of environment of, 7; classifi- 

 cation of, 7, 8; geological distribu- 

 tion of, 9; importance of group, IO; 

 permanence of, IO; evolution of, II ; 

 generalized, 1 2 ; characteristic struc- 

 ture of, 14-56 (Figs. 9-60) ; meta- 

 merism, 14-16; aquatic breathing, 

 gills, etc., 16-23 (Figs. 9-19); der- 

 mal defences of, 23-30 (Figs. 20- 

 38) ; teeth in highly modified fishes, 

 28; development of, 179-225 (Figs. 

 186-309); embryology of, 1 79 ; eggs 

 and breeding habits of, 180-186 

 (Figs. 186-199); fertilization of 

 eggs of, 1 86, 187; development of 

 eggs of, 187-214 (Figs. 200-283); 

 larval development of, 213-225 



(Figs. 284-309) ; names of authors 

 and works, on the general subject, 

 231-234; skeletons, table of, 252, 

 253 (Figs. 69, 84, 105, 122, 146, 

 147, and 310-315); skull, jaw, and 

 branchial arches, tables, 254 (Figs. 

 310-315); heart of, 258 (Figs. 

 316-325), 260; comparison tables 

 of heart of, 260; gills, spiracles, 

 gill rakers, and opercula, tables, 

 259 (Figs. 9-12), 260, 261; di- 

 gestive tract, tables, 262 (Figs. 326- 

 331), 263; swim-bladder, tables, 

 264, 265 (Figs. 13-19); genital 

 system, tables, 266, 267 (Figs. 332- 

 337); circulation in, tables, 268 

 (Fig. 338), 269; excretory system 

 and urinogenital ducts, 270, 271 

 (Figs. 332-337, p. 267) ; abdominal 

 pores, 271 ; brain of, 272 (Figs. 339- 

 341), 273 (Figs. 342-344); central 

 nervous system, tables, 274, 275; 

 sense organs, tables of, 276, 277; 

 characters of integument and in- 

 tegumentary sense organs, 278, 

 279; early development, compari- 

 son tables of, 280, 281. 



Flounder, 171; description of, 174, 

 175; Pseudopleuronectes america- 

 nus, 172 (Fig. 183). 



Fossil forms, v. Sharks, Chimaeroids, etc. 



Fraas, 157. 



Fric, 102, 119. 



Frilled shark, v. Chlamydoselache, etc. 



Fritsch, A., 42, 83. 



Gadoid, 9. 



Gadus, v. Cod. 



Gage, S., 182. 



Ganoid plates, in jQLtheolepis, 24 (Fig. 

 25); in Lepidosteus, 24 (Fig. 24); 

 in Callichthys, 24 (Fig. 26). 



GANOIDS, in classification, 8, 148; an- 

 tiquity of, 9; dermal plates, 24 (Fig. 

 25), 25; Ganoid includes the Cros- 

 sopterygians, 139 note; the term 

 " Ganoid " used in the popular sense 

 to denote the Teleostomes, 139; con- 



