XII 



to examine some typical species in the Leyden Museum and 

 in the British Museum and beg to express our thanks to Miss 

 C. POPTA and Mr. C. TATE^ REGAN. We are also indebted to 

 Dr. PELLEGRIN, who had the kindness to inform us about a 

 few types in the Museum d'histoire naturelle at Paris. 



In describing the fishes we understand by Length in the 

 discussions of the proportions, the distance between the snout 

 and the base of the caudal fin ; in giving the largest size 

 known for a species, we include the caudal fin. 



The Head is measured from the tip of the snout to the end 

 of the opercle, its proportion to the length is indicated e.g. 

 as follows: head 4 4 ! / 2 means, that the length of the head 

 is contained 4 to 4'^ times in the length. 



Height is the maximum height; in special cases it is indi- 

 cated how it is measured; the figures placed behind "height" 

 indicate how many times it is contained in the length. 



The size of the Eye, the length of the Snout, of the Jaws 

 etc. are compared with the length of the head; thus -"eye 4" 

 means, that its diameter is ! /4 f the length of the head. 



In counting the Scales, under "./." is given the number of 

 scales, with or without sensory organs, between the head and 

 the caudal fin or, in most cases, between that fin and the 

 upper corner of the opercle. 



v/ 



L. t. j^pr signifies, that there are 3'/ 2 rows of scales between 



the dorsal and the lateral line and 6 to 7 below it, the lateral 

 line itself not counted. There are cases, in which L. t. means 

 the transverse series of scales in the maximum height of the 

 fish; when applying other methods, this is indicated in the 

 description of the species. 



In the Fin formulae the spines and the simple, non-branched 

 rays are generally indicated by a figure, separated by a point 

 from that of the number of the branched rays. 



The last soft ray of the dorsal, in case it is cleft to the base 

 and therefore counted as two by some authors (BLEEKER e.g.), 

 is reckoned as one, being supported by a single pterygophore. 



The Gillmembranes may be totally free from each other and 

 from the isthmus; they may be united, but still remain free 

 from the isthmus; or they may be connected with the isthmus 

 and with each other. When in the last case the posterior 

 border of the united gillmembranes is not quite adnate to 



