2 9 



head. Pectorals without their produced ray a little longer than 

 head ; the produced ray not surpassing ventrals. Caudal deeply 

 forked, 4^2 5 in length. Small teeth on vomer, palatines, 

 pterygoids, tongue and lower jaw, those in the maxillary 

 stronger and distant. Nine to ten flattened, blunt very distant 

 gillrakers, hindermost the thinnest, double as long as branchial 

 filaments, nearly equalling eye, with unequal spines at the 

 inner side. Scales thin, rather deciduous, with fine undulated 

 transverse lines. A long axillary scale above pectorals and 

 ventrals. Base of fins scaly,29 30 abdominal scutes, the 14 

 praepectoral and the 7 postventral ones are more prominent. 

 Yellowish with a silvery hue, back darker. Fins hyaline. 

 Margin of dorsal, anal and caudal frequently dark powdered. 

 Pectorals and often ventrals more or less black, especially in 

 adults. Length to about 230 mm. 



Nomen in dig. : Siamis (Palembang). 



Habitat: Java (Surabaya); Madura; Sumatra (Palembang! 

 Djambi ! Bagan api api !, Lematan-Enim) ; Borneo (Banjermassin, 

 Pamangkat, Sambas, Bunut! Sarawak (Karoli)). Siam (Sau- 

 vage); China (Sauvage). 



Fresh and brackish water. 



2. Setipinna breviceps (Cantor). 



Engraulis breviceps Cantor, Journ. Asiatic Soc. of Bengal vol. XVIII. 1850, p. 1288. 

 Engraulis Pfeifferi Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschv. Ned. Indie. III. 1852, p. 433. 

 Engraulis breviceps Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 401. 

 Setipinna breviceps Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. VI. 1866 72, p. 137. 

 Coilia Pfeifferi Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), VI. 1882, p. 175. 

 Engraulis breviceps Day, Fishes of India 4. 1878 88, p. 628. 



B. 17 19; D. i. 17; A. 60 66; P. i. 12 13; V. 7; L.I. 

 5456; L. tr. 14. 



Elongate, dorsal profile much more convex between head 

 and dorsal than ventral which is nearly straight. Height 

 3*/2 3 4 /5> nead 5 3 / 4 6V 4 , eye subcutaneous, 5 6, little longer 

 than snout. Cleft of the mouth very oblique, chin forming 

 the most prominent part of head. Maxillary rounded behind, 

 reaching to mandibular joint. Origin of dorsal a little nearer 

 to snout than to caudal, far behind origin of anal, the length 

 of which is more than twice its distance from the head. Ven- 

 trals nearer to head than to origin of anal. Pectorals with the 

 upper ray produced, and reaching to the middle or the hind- 



