38 



caudal than to snout. Its origin about midway between snout 

 and caudal, situated far behind base of ventrals. Its height 

 nearly double as long as its length, equalling head without 

 snout. Anal about 3 times in length. -Its origin below or a 

 little behind end of dorsal. Ventrals equalling i 1 ^ diameter 

 of eye, their origin about midway between anal and prae- 

 operculum. Pectorals about as long as head without snout, 

 reaching ventrals. Caudal deeply incised, its acute lobes 

 3*/ 2 4 in length. Small teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, pte- 

 rygoids and tongue. Gillrakers 13, stout, flattened, distinctly 

 spinulated at the innerside, ! / 3 longer than branchial filaments, 

 3 / 4 of eye. Scales with vertical lines, which anastomose on 

 the hindpart, where they run parallel in a longitudinal direc- 

 tion to the hindborder. 26 abdominal scutes beginning at 

 throat, with a not very prominent keel ending in a spine, 

 10 ii of which behind ventrals. Silvery, back dark. Scapu- 

 lary region with black venules. Lower part of head powdered 

 with black. Fins hyaline, caudal with a darker margin. Length : 

 over 200 mm. 



Habitat: Java (Batavia, Bantam); Sumatra (Priaman, Pa- 

 lembang, Bagan api api!); Singapore; Bintang (Riouw); Banka; 

 Borneo (Sinkawang, Sungiduri, Sarawak); Celebes (Macassar, 

 Badjoa); Batjan; Ceram (Wahai). Australia; Philippines; 

 Formosa; China; Siam ; Burma to Sind. 



In sea and estuaries. 



6. Engraulis mystax (Bl. Schn.). 



Clupea mystax Bloch, Schneider, Systema Ichthyol. 1801, p. 426. 

 Thryssa porava Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. XXII. 1849. Bij dr. Ichth. Madura, p. 14. 

 Engraulis mystacoides Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. XXIV. 1852. Haringacht. p. 42. 

 Engraulis hamiltoni Kner, Fische Novara Exp. 1865 1867, p. 334. 

 Engraulis mystacoides Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VII. 1868, p. 396. 

 Engraulis mystax Bleeker, All. Ichth. VI. 1866 1872, p. 132. 

 Engraulis mystax Day, Fishes of India 4. 1878 1888, p. 625. 

 Trichosoma porava Rutter, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia 1897, p. 65. 



B. 1214; D- I. 1415; A. 3638; P. 1213; V. 7; 

 L. 1. about 45; L. tr. 12. 



Oblong, compressed, ventral profile more convex than dor- 

 sal, which is nearly straight. Height 3 2 / 3 4, head about 4, 

 eye 3 3 / 4 4. Snout rounded, very little prominent, about 3 / 4 

 of eye. Maxillary dilated above the mandibulary joint, tape- 



