78 



B. 5; D. 16; A. 17; L. 1. 42 44; L. tr. n. 



Height 4, head 4, eye 3, about equal to snout. The maxillary 

 extending to a vertical through frontmargin of the pupil. 

 Operculum twice as high as broad. Hindmargin of the prae- 

 operculum straight. Dorsal about 3 / 4 of the diameter of the eye, 

 nearer to caudal than to snout, its origin one eye-diameter 

 nearer to snout. Dorsal as high as long, about as long as the 

 anal. Pectorals distinctly longer than the head without snout. 

 Ventrals inserted under the middle of the dorsal fin. Teeth 

 on the tongue, none on the palate. 32 Gillrakers, about as 

 long as branchial filaments, equal to pupil. Scales with some 

 vertical striae, their margin irregularly crenulated; 16 17 

 praeventral scutes, 13 postventral ones. Silvery, back dark. 

 Dorsal with a black spot on top of first ray. [Not seen by us]. 



Habitat: Singapore; Batjan; Misol; New Guinea. Indian 

 Ocean, Seychelles, South Arabia, Red Sea, Seas round Mada- 

 gascar. 



Note: For Clupea venenosa Steindachner, Abhandl. Sen- 

 ckenberg. Naturf. Ges. XXV, 1901, p. 456, see under Clupea 

 schrammi p. 83. 



10. Clupea (Harengula) thoracata (C. V.). 



Koivala thoracata Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons XX. 1847, p. 363. 

 Kowala thoracata Cantor, Journ. Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, XVIII. 1850, p. 1278. 

 Clupea (Harengula) koival Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. VI. 1872, p. 109, (nee. 

 Ruppell). 



D. 19; C. 19%, A. 21 or 22, V. 8; P. 15; Br. VI. 



Head above and back deep blue with green reflections; 

 upper third of the sides silvery sea-green; rest of the body, 

 cheeks and opercles shining silvery with mother-of-pearl reflec- 

 tions ; upper part of the opercle pale bluish dotted with black ; 

 dorsal and caudal pale yellow greenish, sparingly dotted 

 with black, particularly towards the margin; in some indivi- 

 duals a vertical elongated blackish spot at the root of the 

 five central rays; rest of the fins white. Tongue and inside of 

 the mouth minutely dotted with black. Iris silvery, orbital 

 margin black. 



The length of the head is '/ 4 of the body, '/ 5 of the total 

 length. The horizontal diameter of the eye slightly exceeds 



