293 



* 



keeled in young specimens. Its posterior end broadly trun- 

 cated. Median fontanel tapers acutely and reaches to crown of 

 head. An oval fontanel above operculum. Humeral process 

 granular, even as the broad, semicircular basal bone of dorsal 

 spine. Eye 7 8, the snout 3 times or a little more, interorbital 

 space nearly 3 times in head. Cleft of mouth with thick lips, 

 more than 2 x / 2 times in head. Maxillary barbels reaching to 

 end of operculum or base of pectorals. Mandibulary barbels 

 to hindborder of gillmembrane or not so far, mental barbels 

 much shorter. Height of dorsal nearly equal to head without 

 snout, its origin midway between ventrals and pectorals. The 

 strong, flattened dorsal spine is equal to postorbital part of 



Fig. 119. Arms carinatus M. Web. nat. size. 



head and its hindborder is conspicuously denticulated its 

 frontborder only slightly so. Adipose fin originates before anal, 

 its length is equal to postorbital part of head, is longer than 

 the base of the dorsal and equals about I 1 /, times its distance 

 from the dorsal. Height of anal equal to postorbital part of 

 head. Ventrals nearly as long as head without snout, nearly 

 reaching to anal. Pectorals longer than head without snout, 

 as long as their very strong flattened spine, the hindborder 

 of which is serrated. Caudal deeply incised, the pointed lobes 

 3 times longer than the median rays. Axillary pore present. 

 Pointed teeth in the upper jaw in two separate bands, nearly 

 twice as broad as long, mesially rounded, laterally obliquely 

 truncated, mandibulary bands narrower, slightly curved, tape- 



