44 



different. In indo-australian species scales present, large, 

 moderate or small. Lateral line generally complete. Gillopenings 

 generally wide, but gillmembranes broadly united with isthmus. 

 Pseudobranchiae present. Pharyngeal teeth in one, two or 

 three series, absent only in Gyrinocheilns. Airbladder divided 

 into two portions, the posterior of which may be reduced, the 

 anterior in indo-australian species not enclosed in bone. 



Distribution: Fresh water of Europe, North America, 

 Africa, Asia, western part of indo-australian Archipelago. 



Artificial key to the indo-australian 

 subfamilies of the Cyprinidae. 



I. Abdomen, or part of abdomen, compressed into an edge Abramidinac p. 44. 

 II. Abdomen not compressed into an edge, rounded or even 

 flattened. 



1. Lower jaw generally with a symphysial knob, fitting 

 in an incision of the upper one; dorsal without 

 osseous spine, situated behind ventrals; lateral line 

 abruptely bending downwards, if complete running 



along lower half of tail Rasbonnae p. 58. 



2. Lower jaw always without symphysial knob; dorsal 

 generally with an osseous spine, situated before or 

 above ventrals; if behind them, the dorsal has a 

 strong osseous spine ; lateral line running, with one 



exception, in the middle of the tail. .-...' Cyprininae p. 89. 



I. Subfam. Abramidinae. 



Oblong, elongate or very elongate, compressed or much 

 compressed; abdomen or part of abdomen compressed into an 

 edge. Dorsal short with 7 10 branched rays, opposite to 

 space between ventrals and anal or opposite to anal; without an 

 enlarged spine, or the 3^ ray may be osseous and smooth, in 

 one case serrated behind. Anal moderate or very long, with 

 12 48 branched rays. Ventrals in one case absent, pectorals may 

 be elongate. Caudal forked. Mouth terminal, subinferior or 

 directed upwards, with the lower jaw prominent, which may have 

 a symphysial knob. No barbels or exceptionally a pair of 

 maxillary ones. Scales small or of moderate size, the lateral line 

 running in the middle or in the lower half of the tail. Gill- 

 openings reaching to below orbit or praeoperculum. Pharyngeal 

 teeth in a single, double or triple series. 



