9 2 



The formation of the parts of the mouth of this family is 

 very diversified but allows to distinguish three types. 



In the most simple one the mouth is anterior or subinferior 

 and more or less protractile ; the lips are thin, thick, crenulated 

 or papillated. (By lip we understand a more or less developed 

 fold of the skin, which is more or less distinctly separated 

 from the covering of the jaws). The upper lip is uncovered 

 or only partly covered by a fold containing the maxillaries, 

 forming a simple not pendulous continuation of the skin of 

 the snout directed forwards (fig. 33). 



In a second type the mouth is conspicuously inferior, bor- 

 dered by thick, continuous lips, which may be fringed or 

 papillated. The upper ones are partly covered or bordered 

 by a pendulous rostral fold of the skin of the ventral surface 

 of the rostrum, (fig. 34 and 35). 



In the third type there is no rostral fold; the skin of the 

 ventral surface of the rostrum is continued into the upperlip, 

 which is fringed or papillated. Mouth inferior but otherwise 

 very complicated and very differently constructed (fig. 36 

 and 37). 



In many Cyprininae the lower lip is separated from the skin of 

 the isthmus by a complete postlabial groove, which is conti- 

 nued round the corner of the mouth. This groove may be 

 interrupted in the middle, so that there are separate grooves, 

 one behind each lateral part of the lower lip. (fig. 38, cfr. also 

 Dangila and Osteochilus). 



Artificial key to the indo-australian genera 

 of Cyprininae. 



I. Lateral line running in the lower half of the tail. Leptobarbus p. 95. 

 II. Lateral line running in the middle of the tail. 



A. Dorsal inserted behind ventrals Rohteichthys p. 99. 



B. Origin of dorsal before, opposite to or slightly 

 behind that of ventrals. 



A A. A more or less horizontal rostral fold 

 containing at its base the maxillaries 

 and covering the base of the upper lip ; 

 mouth anterior or subinferior. 

 I. Anal spine serrated behind. 



a. Four barbels ; triple series of molarlike pharyn- 



geal teeth Cyprinus p. 101. 



