384 



series of I 3 canines, which is sometimes wanting. Vomer in 

 old specimens with a single series, in younger ones generally with 

 two series of small teeth, 10 20 in number. Mandibulary 

 teeth in a single row, 10 20 on each side; the anterior ones 

 less regularly arranged and longer than the others. Yellowish 

 or brownish, marbled and reticulated with dark brown. On 

 the dorsal fin and on the tail the dark colour forms an incom- 

 plete network of wide mashes or irregular crossbands. Some 

 specimens, where the dark colour prevails, are finely mottled 

 with dark and yellowish. No black spots or stripes at corner 

 of mouth. Gillopenings without black spot. In most preserved 

 specimens the skin appears distinctly folded, the folds crossing 

 each other and forming scale-pouches. Length 900 mm. [Typical 

 specimens of G. ceramensis, scoliodon and troscheh of BLEEKER'S 

 collection in the Leiden Museum seen by us]. 



Habitat: Sumatra (Pulu Tikus near Benkulen, Padang, 

 Siboga); Java; Borneo; Bali; Celebes (Menado); Sanguisiapo in 

 the Sulu Archipelago!; Sangir Islands; Ternate; Halmahera; 

 Ceram; Goram; Ambon; Buru; Flores; Solor!; Sumba!; Timor!; 

 Aru-Islands!; Salawatti!; Waigeu!; Schouten Islands. Zanzibar, 

 Sokotra, Cargados Carajas in the Indian Ocean, Philippines, 

 Australia, Pacific Islands to the Sandwich Islands. 



1 8. Muraena (Gymnothorax) pseudothyrsoidea Blkr. 



Muraena pseudothyrsoidea Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie III. 1852, p. 778. 



Verb. Bat. Gen. XXV. 1853, Muraenoid. p. 44. 

 Gymnothorax makassariensis Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierkunde I. 1863, p. 1 68. 



Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 104. 



Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV. 1864, p. 104. 

 Muraena macassariensis Gtinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII. 1870, p. in (nee. syn.). 

 Muraena pseudothyrsoidea Giinther, 1. c. p. 112. 



^.Muraena pseudothyrsoidea Day, Fishes of India, 4. 1878 1888, p. 670. 

 \Gymnothorax philippinus Jordan & Scale, Bull. Bureau Fisheries Washington 



XXVI (1906) 1907, p. 7- 

 Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus Jordan & Richardson, Memoirs Carnegie Mus. IV. 



1909, p. 173. 



Height 1420; head 7 to nearly 8, 2.62.9 in trunk. Tail 

 shorter than head and trunk. Eye 8 12, twice (specimens of 

 563 mm.) or less in snout. Cleft of mouth 2.1 2.3 in length 

 of head. Gillopenings narrower than eye. Mouth not shutting 

 completely in large specimens. Dorsal and anal rather well 

 developed, the former beginning before gillopenings. Maxillaries 



