140 History of Animal Plagues. 



in cattle, which was so fatal that all attacked died.^ ' Was a 

 most rigorous hard frost from December to April ; the Thames 

 became a hiorhwav ; birds and 2:arden stuff were killed/ ^ 



A.D. 1610. Plague showed itself in the suburbs of Grenada, 

 and spread rapidly. Spain and Constantinople suffered very much 

 from pestilence. The same epizooty as in the preceding year 

 became more general, and at the same time a malignant epi- 

 zooty reigned in Alsace, which did not even allow untamed birds 

 to escape ; these were often seen falling to the ground dead.^ 



Gangrenous sore-throat declared itself in Old Castile this 

 year among the horses, cattle, and hogs; it destroyed entire 

 herds.* Catarrh prevailed in mankind throughout Europe. 

 '' As in the previous year, the trees suffered much from cold, so 

 in this year the bark and leaves were eaten by vermin, so that 

 there was no fruit; on the contrary, there was much wine. 

 Among the cattle there raged a contagious disease in the mouth, 

 so that many died.' ^ Was this the same disease that reigned in 

 Memmingen, Alsace, and Spain ? And was it anthrax (affect- 

 ing the mouth and throat), influenza, or ekzema, or all three? 



During the pla2;ue in mankind at Constantinople, there was 

 a dreadful visitation of locusts. ' Such clouds, or swarms, of 

 grasshoppers so plagued the city and country about Constanti- 

 nople that they darkened the sun, and left not any green herb 

 or leaf in all the country; they entered the bed-chambers; they 

 were near as large as dormice, with red wings.' ^ 



A.D. 1 61 2. An epidemy in Hesse and other parts of Germany, 

 followed by a great pestilence among pigs and cattle, according 

 to Goelenius. Previous to this a sudden and amazing number 

 of spiders appeared, and swarms of locusts swept Provence. 



A.D. 1613. Plague in man still raged at Constantinople. 

 The cats were transported to Scutari, under a supposition that 

 they were the cause of the plague, being themselves distempered.' 



' Erhart. Op. cit,,p. 63. ' 



^ Clark's Examples. T. Short. Op. cit., vol. i. p. 292. 



^ Lcbensivald. Landstadt-und Haus-arzneibuch. Nuremberg, 1695. 



* Fo7itecJia. De Anginis Disput. Compent., 1611. 



* IValser. Appenzeller Chronik., p. 581. 



® T. Short. Op. cit., p. 294. Turkish History. 

 ' Forster. Op. cit., p. 157. T. Short, Mignot. 



