1 82 History of Animal Plagues. 



Russia was ravaged by the Tartars. Swarms of locusts in the 

 Ukraine, Podolia, Kiev_, Pioly, Kaminietz, Buczinow, GalHcia, 

 Wallachia, and Hungary.^ They also appeared in Saxony, in 

 August. In Transylvania, animals suffered equally with man 

 from plague. ' Dogs especially were driven to madness ; they 

 made a noise with their mouths, and were gasping with the heat 

 like owls. They were marked on the body with carbuncles. On 

 the pigs which succumbed to this disease, huge tumours and hard 

 scabs of a carbuncular nature were observed behind their ears. 

 Swarms of locusts intercepted the rays of the sun, so that a bird 

 could scarcely fly horizontally. There was, also, so large a mass 

 of worms, caterpillars, toads, and such like things, that all food 

 in the shape of vegetables was unpleasant and injurious to man.'^ 

 / The contagious typhus of cattle (Cattle Plague) was spreading 

 onwards in Russia, in the governments of Riazan, Worotin, and 

 Moscow. In the autumn it had got as far into the Ukraine as 

 Kiev and Tcherkasi, and was extending in Volhynia, Podolia, 

 and Transylvania. Cattle, above all other animals, suffered from 

 it, but also often enough the horses.^ This is undoubtedly a 

 similar mistake to that made by some zealous but imperfectly 

 informed people, when the same disease appeared among cattle 

 in England in 1865. Horses and other solipeds — indeed, all 

 animals except ruminants, are exempted from it. Kanold, the 

 author of this statement, imagined the disease was caused by 

 the locusts. 



A.D. 1 71 1. Swarms of locusts in Southern Russia and in the 

 kingdom of Naples. Disease in birds and fishes.^ Towards the 

 end of the year a deadly epizooty appeared among horses in 

 Naples. It continued until the following year, in which it will 

 be more fully noticed. 



The contagious typhus of cattle spread this year from Russia, 

 by way of Poland, into Prussia, Brandenburg, and Silesia; from 

 Hungary into Austria, Bavaria, and Suabia ; from Dalmatia 

 into Italy ; and from Russia into Moldavia and Wallachia. It 



1 Kanold. Op. cit., p. 27. ^ Loigk. Hist. Pest., p. 359. 



3 Kanold. Jahreshistorie, p. 25. 



* Ibid. Ilistor. Relationen von der Pestilentz des Hornviehs. Breslau, I7I4> 



P- 43- 



