192 History of Animal Plagues. 



contagious diseases. When this tumour, which the peasants 

 call charhon, shows itself on the breast or about the head, the 

 animals die so quickly, that there is scarcely time to aid them. 

 When the swelling is accompanied by considerable fever and 

 beating of the flanks, it is necessary to begin the treatment by 

 bleeding, and soon afterwards by opening the tumour, wherever 

 it may be, by incisions in the form of a St Andrew's cross, wash- 

 ino" the wound with salt water or with brandy,' &c.^ 



In Lower Hungary, an epizooty of small-pox in sheep, de- 

 scribed by Adam Gensel, destroyed whole flocks. 



A severe epizooty among horses manifested itself over nearly 

 the whole of Europe, frequently in different places appearing at 

 the same time as the so-called contagious typhus of cattle; 

 at other times, and in other localities, breaking out before or 

 after that disease. ThiS affection among horses prevailed in 

 Russia, Lithuania, Podolia, Volhynia, Prussia, Pomerania, 

 Brandenburg, Moldavia, and Wallachia.^ At the same time it 

 raged over nearly the whole of Germany, in Belgium, the north 

 of France, and in Italy, — especially, it would appear, in the 

 environs of Naples and Rome. Army horses suffered very 

 much. Kanold describes it as it appeared in Germany: 'But 

 I must not here forget to mention that in many countries and 

 neighbourhoods cattle were not the only animals affected: prin- 

 cipally, and in some: instances alone, horses were attacked and 

 died in large numbers; for the same sickness could be traced 

 from July, and sometimes even from May, till the winter, in 

 Pomerania, in Brandenburg, in Saxony, in Franconia, Suabia, 

 Mecklenburg, Hanover, Holstein, but especially in Trittow, 

 Rheinbeck, and Eutin ; so that often, in many villages, two or 

 three horses alone escaped. In Brandenburg and Mecklenburg 

 it attained its greatest severity in July and August, but after 

 October it began to decline. Further, it ravaged the various 

 neighbourhoods of the Upper Rhine, in Alsace, the horses in 

 both armies, and especially Landau, Germersheim, Philipsburg, 

 and elsewhere. Also on the Lower Rhine, particularly in the 



1 M. Hermeiit. Remedes pour Preserver et Guerir les Chevaux et les Bestiaux. 

 Geneva, 1716. 



* Kanold. Jahreshistorie, p. 94. 



