196 History of Animal Plagues. 



ished.^ It spread into Moravia, Austria, Styria, and the Tyrol, and 

 it even invaded Switzerland.^ In Italy its ravages were dread- 

 fully severe. ^At the end of the preceding year, a ruinous mor- 

 tality among cattle had penetrated from Hungary into Italy : — 

 a scourge which all who witnessed it thought the most disastrous 

 event that had ever befallen mankind. This year it spread 

 itself widely in the State of Milan — to wit, Verona, Brescia, 

 and Mantua — causing a horrid slaughter of these essential animals. 

 The same happened in the kingdom of Naples and in the States 

 of the Church, in which immense damage was inflicted during 

 the month of September. In that month, it has been estimated 

 that 70,000 head of oxen and cows perished ; and in Cremona 

 alone, there died more than 40,000. The pestilence made terrible 

 havoc in this vicinity.'^ In Germany it was still spreading, and 

 having penetrated Saxony the year before, it now diffused its 

 subtle poison in Thuringia, spread wider and wider in Bavaria 

 and Saxony, and at last wandered into Franconia, where it 

 harassed the districts of Anspach, Neubourg, Bamberg, and 

 Wurzburg, as far as Fulda.* 



A.D. 1713. In Hungary, the year was wet. Many swarms of 

 mice appeared in that country, in France, and in Saxony, where 

 the weather was excessively dry. Insects destroyed the vines. 

 In Russia, Poland, and Italy, multitudes of grasshoppers. 

 Small-pox in man at Constantinople, where inoculation was 

 practised. An epidemy (the plague) was very fatal in Austria. 



Altogether the year was a very unpropitious one for animal 

 life. At Basle, the fowls aiid geese and the deer tribe died in 

 great numbers. Hares, wolves, and foxes were also found dead 

 in large quantities. In Poland, the mortality was very great 

 among moorfowl; and in Silesia and Alsace, deer suffered much. 

 In Hungary, hares, foxes, and wild hogs perished from a disease 

 resembling, or identical with, rot in sheep.^ In the country of 



1 Kanold. Histor. Relationen, chap. ii. 



2 Walzer. Appenzeller. Chronik. p. 715. 



2 Muratori. Annali d'ltalia, vol. xvi. p. 412. 



* Nottelmann. Vorstellung was die jetzt herumvagirende Seuche sei. Niim- 

 berg, 1713. Romeiscns. Untersuchung der jetzt wiithenden Viehseuche. Wurz- 

 burg, 1 7 13. 



» Kajtold. Jahreshistorie, p. 1 84. 



