History of Animal Plagues. 207 



Lanzoni's description of the symptoms is good. ^ The oxen 

 attacked by the malady spat out their food ; then suddenly their 

 ears dropped, and their hair became erect; nearly always a tremor 

 was present; tears ran from the eyes, and mucus (or lymph) 

 flowed from the nose ; there was diarrhoea ; pustules made their 

 appearance in some cases under the skin, so that they seemed to 

 be attacked by small-pox. At length, in the short space of seven 

 days, they died in great pain (manifested by groaning)/ 



The malady was also well described at this time by the 

 Medical Society of Geneva.^ 



An epizootic disease appeared among the horses this year in 

 Italy." It was, in all probability, a continuation of that reigning 

 in the previous year. Valisnieri saw the epizooty in Verona 

 and Mantua at this time, and attributed it, and the great losses 

 it occasioned, to the presence of enormous numbers of larv'ae of 

 the gad-fly {hots), which he generally found in the stomach. Dr 

 Gasneri describes the malady, and from his account we gather 

 that the inflammation extended to the serous coat of that organ, 

 and that the mucous membrane was attacked by ulceration of a 

 serious character; this morbid state of the stomach he thought 

 should be considered as the cause of the mortality.^ 



A.D. 1 7 14. Owing to some local causes, the fish died in many! 

 lakes in Silesia; and in Alsace, cattle, fowls, hogs, geese, sheep,! 

 and horses perished,* though Kanold does not specify from what! 

 kind of malady. At Frankfort-on-the-Maine, horses and hogs 

 also died.^ In Dauphine and the country of Gex, in the begin- 

 ning of the summer, cattle were attacked by glossanthrax.^ In 

 many parts of Germany, dropsy or rot {poiirriture) had prevailed 

 amongst cows, sheep, and goats from the spring-time until the 

 autumn.'' Small-pox in sheep was general in many regions, and 

 Heusinger thinks it was this disease which appeared in Paris in this 

 and the following year; when so many sheep died, that an ordi- 



1 Reflexions sur la Maladie du Gros Betail. Par la Socicte des Mcdecins de 

 Geneve, 171 5. Paris, 1745. 



- Brngnone. Zucht der Pferde und Maulthiere. 



» Reaumur. Memoires pour Servir i I'Histoire des Insects, p. 54^- 



* Kanold. Jahreshist., pp. 1 19— 206. * H'i'l- i^- 2i5- 



8 Reflexions de Mcdec. Gcnev. 1716, p. 251. ' Kanold. Op. cil., p. 177- 



