History of Animal Plagues. 209 



gangrenous angina.^ The Cattle Plague not onlv vet rajred in 

 those countries in which it had been allowed to remain for so 

 many years, but it had also invaded those which had been 

 hitherto free from it. From Russia it penetrated Livonia ; ^ 

 from Holland, where, as already stated, it is calculated it killed 

 more than 200,000 cattle, it passed into Liege at the begin- 

 ning of this year ; ^ from Italy, where it was stamped out of Rome 

 in the month of April, after destroying nearly 30,000 head, it 

 attacked Savoy and Piedmont, where it also, according to Fanto- 

 nius, Professor of Medicine and Anatomy at Turin, slew 70,000. 

 It became spread over Switzerland, and entering France on 

 many sides, it was already in Lorraine and Champagne in the 

 month of March ; while, during the spring-time, it was in Dau- 

 phine, Lyonnois, Bourgogne, Nivernois, Berry, Blaisois, Beauce, 

 Orleans, and even in the Isle of France.* From the French au- 

 thorities who described the disease, we have but meagre and un- 

 satisfactory reports, and not at all equal to those of the Italian 

 physicians. The principal would appear to be Guillo, Drouin, 

 and Herment;'^ and it would seem that the terrible malignancy 

 of the plague, its excessive fatality, its extreme infectiousness, 

 and the utter impotency of all remedial measures adopted, 

 severely tested the skill of the physicians, and the fortitude of 

 the agriculturists of France at this time. 



In the month of September, aerording to Kanold,^ the disease 

 was carried from Holland to England, where it had not been 

 seen for some centuries. But if we believe Mr Bates, it 

 was introduced into London two months earlier. This gen- 

 tleman was surgeon to George I., and was appointed to as- 

 certain the nature of the disease which had reached Islington, 

 and was spreading in the neighbourhood of London.' He states : 



1 //. d^Arboval. Diet. Veter. art. Maladie du Chiens. Wirt/i. Op. cit., p. 215. 



* Fischer. Liefl. Landwirtschaftsbuch, pp. 406 — 409. 



^ Kanold. Op. cit., p. 157. * Ibid. p. 204. Reflexions, &c., p. 5. 



* The observations and opinions of these authorities will be found in the 'Reflex- 

 ions ' of the Medical Society of Geneva aheady alluded to. Some essays on this 

 subject are also to be seen in a volume entitled ' Jugement do la Faculle de Mede- 

 cine de Paris sur ks Mcmoires qui courent touchant la Mortalite dcs Bcstiaux.' 

 Paris, 1 714. 



* Op. cit., p. 227. 



' To those who are curious in tiie meteorological phenomena manifested pre- 



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