History of Animal Plagues. 275 



artery, caused by the extraordinary accumulation of blood in the 

 risjht ventricle; for the vena cava and right ventricle of the 

 heart were turgid and full of black coagulated blood, though this 

 cow had been dead but twelve or fourteen hours; the luno-s 

 were likewise turgid with blood, but little or none was found in 

 the left ventricle or aorta; the obstruction seemed to have been 

 so great in the lungs that very Jittle blood could pass through 

 them from the right to the left ventricle of the heart, and there- 

 fore evidently evinces the existence of a confirmed peripneumony. 

 All the membranes lining the nostrils, and the spongy bones 

 thereof, were quite turgid with blood, and in the highest state 

 of inflannnation. The greater and lesser brain looked fair and 

 well, seeming in no way distempered. I have not seen in any 

 I have examined any cutaneous sores or exulcerations; nothing 

 like the boils, carbuncles, &c., described by authors as the con- 

 stant concomitants of plague in men ; nor does there seem to 

 be any attempt of nature to fling off the distemper by any inter- 

 nal imposthumation or discharge, unless by the running at the 

 nose, and by the bilious stools, or bilious urine. The few which 

 have recovered have been such as have been kept within-doors 

 very warm ; have been blooded once, twice, or oftener; have had 

 warm mashes of malt and i)ran given them ; and warm drenches 

 of warm herbs, such as rosemary, wormwood, and ground-ivy, 

 with honey or treacle, and have neither purged at all or but 

 little; and when they have not purged at all, their urine has 

 been observed to be as high-coloured as porter's beer. 



' I am informed by the farriers and cow-leeches that a horse 

 or cow will bear to have near two gallons of blood taken away 

 without fainting. One cow I have seen, within about a month 

 or six weeks of her calving-time, was taken with the running 

 at the nose and the shortness of breath ; the owner of her imme- 

 diately took away out of the neck five quarts of blood by measure, 

 and cave her a warm mash of malt once in six or eight hours; 

 next day he cut her tail, and let her bleed two hours ; the 

 day after he took away two quarts from under the tongue, 

 and so continued bleeding her at fourteen or liltccn hours' dis- 

 tance, for seven times. She did not purge at all ; her urine 

 was as high-coloured as coffee at first, but grew ])aler and ])alcr 



