History of Animal Plagues. 375 



temperature. The symptoms indicated by him have nothing 

 worthy of remark. On opening the dead animals small tumours 

 were found beneath the skin, and on the breast abscesses or 

 lare:e tumours like carbuncles. The skins of those which re- 

 covered were disfigured by a kind of miliary or scabby eruption. 

 He named the disease an ardent, pestilential, eruptive fever. 



Camper^ reports an outbreak of the disease in 1768 and 

 1769 in the province of Groningen, Holland; he imagined it 

 to have become naturalized in the country, the same as small-pox 

 in mankind. The symptoms are very accurately given; and from 

 their perusal it is obvious that the lungs were somewhat severely 

 implicated. The duration of the malady was from twenty-four 

 hours to eleven days, though the last-named period was very 

 rarely attained. In some cases the body was covered with spots^ 

 especially near the flanks, a symptom to which the peasantry 

 gave the name of 'mange,' and which some of them regarded as a 

 favourable prognostic. Camper, however, remarks that the 

 buboes and the eruptions some have observed are uncertain cha- 

 racteristics. Nearly all cows in calf aborted. Passing over the 

 post-mortem appearances of the abdominal viscera, which are re- 

 markably well described, the respiratory apparatus is next ex- 

 amined. The lungs were found in a reddened, livid, inflammatory 

 condition, flecked with purple spots, one lobe being usually more 

 affected than the other; when incised, they were observed to con- 

 tain black blood, which concealed their structure. In many in- 

 stances air was found in the cellular tissue, between the lobules, 

 which produced an emphysematous condition of the lungs. The 

 lining membrane of the trachea was red, purple, and gangrenous, 

 and this conduit was filled with a white frothy mucus, which ex- 

 tended to the bronchial tubes; this state accounted for the plain- 

 tive groans of the beasts. The fauces and back part of the throat 

 was inflamed in all, but most in those which had the air-pass- 

 ages choked with mucus. The nasal apertures and the tongue 

 showed sometimes traces of inflammation. In its nature the 

 malady was thought to be a contagious putrid fever, which caused 

 a great inflammation in the viscera of the chest and abdomen, the 



' /'. Camper. Lc9ons sur rEpizootie f[ui rcgna dans la Piovincc dc Gronin- 

 gen en 1769. raris, 1803. 



