History of Animal Plagues. 403 



which was but seldom, it was reddish-coloured ; the faeces were 

 hard and black, though at the beginning they were sometimes 

 liquid and bloody. Cows gave no milk. In many of the 

 animals inflammatory tumours formed now on the chest, now 

 on the udder and the generative organs, and at other times an 

 eruption of boils accompanied by pustules appeared all over the 

 body. It was rare to witness all these symptoms in the same 

 subject, but the more numerous they were the greater was the 

 danger. Usually recovery or death was decided by the fourth 

 dav. When this day was passed and the seventh reached, if the 

 animal still looked cheerful it generally recovered, although the 

 convalescent sta2;e mijrht not be arrived at before the fifteenth 

 day. Then the urine, when retained in a vessel, was found to 

 deposit a white sediment : the excrements were more abundant 

 than in the natural state, softer and less fetid, the skin moist 

 and relaxed; the tumours became filled with a white pus; the 

 appetite returned, rumination was resumed, and depilation of the 

 skin — all these were the happy signs of recovery. When the 

 result was to be otherwise, the abdomen began to swell, the ani- 

 mal groaned loudly, the debility Increased, tremblings set in, 

 with convulsions ; and there was retention of the urine, diarrhoea, 

 and dysentery. On opening the dead bodies, there were found 

 black tumours full of a yellow serosity, which effervesced with 

 acids; the flesh was livid and approaching putrefaction; the 

 lungs withered-looking and full of tubercles or small abscesses, 

 particularly in beasts which had died on the fourth day; the 

 stomach and the intestines were spotted by red patches and full 

 of viscid mucus. Opening the tumours with a razor, and scari- 

 fying them around their margins, was the most advantageous 

 local treatment.^ In Caldiero, in Italy, an epizooty of glossan- 

 thrax, or perhaps ekzevia epizootica} The latter disease mani- 

 fested itself in Upper Lausitz.^ 



In Cleveland, in the county of York, in the months of 

 February and March, scarlatina, complicated sometimes with 

 malignant sore-throat, was epidemical in the human species. 



^ Regnier. Paulet. Op. cit., vol. i. p. 22S. 

 2 Bottani. Op. cit., vol. iii. p. 38. 

 ' Ruvipelt. Op. cit., vol. i. p. 272, 



