414 History of Animal Plagues. 



but on becoming thoroughly cold, it was quite solid, of a pitchy 

 black colour, and could be cut like a piece of jelly. The ex- 

 amination of those that died showed the gall-bladder excessively 

 large and full of a liquid more like urine than bile ; in some 

 three pounds^ weight of this fluid was found. In many creatures 

 the stomach and intestines were full of worms, which were yet 

 aliv^e when these organs were inspected. In some of the blood- 

 vessels certain insects were met with which were named ^ plaice,' 

 on account of their resemblance to that kind of fish. Sometimes 

 the brain has appeared to be entirely resolved into pus and 

 water ; manv had the veins filled with dark blood : the neck in 

 others was inflamed ; while in others, again, the inflammation 

 appeared to have concentrated itself in the intestines, and these 

 have been found more or less gangrenous. The stomach was full 

 of undigested food, which was so dry and compact that it could 

 scarcely be broken. The membrane lining the stomach and 

 intestines was marked by livid or black spots, evidently indicating 

 ffano-rene : with some the liver and the spleen were covered 

 bv small tumours resembling grains of sand, and so hard 

 that they could not be crushed ; the substance of these organs, 

 however, was so soft that it could be easily broken up by slight 

 pressure. Other animals, again, exhibited no pathological 

 alterations when opened after death.' ^ This epizocity was very 

 deadly in Sweden^ and extended even to the frontiers of Ger- 

 many. 



About the same time an epizooty belonging to this class of 

 maladies broke out among the cattle in Auvergne, Moulins, Li- 

 mousin, the province of Bugey, Champagne, Forez, and other 

 places in France. The appetite and rumination were in abey- 

 ance; the hair was dry, upright, and harsh ; the head was carried 

 low, tears streamed down the cheeks; the flanks heaved very fre- 

 quently; the mouth, horns, and ears were extremely hot; con- 

 siderable pain was manifested along the course of the spine, and 

 when the fingers were passed over this region, a crepitation was 

 heard like to that made by dry parchment. Indistinct tumours 

 began to rise over the whole surface of the body ; when these disap- 



' Paulet. Op. cit., vol. i. p. 359. 



