Histo}'}' of Animal Plagues. 497 



ment. 12. The liver was softer than usual, and was easily torn. 

 The whole of the muscles, and the heart itself, were in this state. 



13. The majority of the cows opened were in calf, and in all of 

 them we perceived that the foetus had heen dead for a long time. 

 The other viscera of the abdomen were in a healthy condition. 



14. The cellular tissue was in many places swollen, and as if dis- 

 tended by gas. Among these different alterations there was 

 much variety. 15. The mammary glands were retracted ; on 

 cutting into them a small quantity of yellowish-coloured milk 

 was found. In one case the milk appeared to be little altered. 

 The inflammatory engorgement of the small anterior lobes of 

 the lungs, the inflammation of the stomach, — above all, that of the 

 fourth compartment and the small intestines, — have been con- 

 stantly found in all the cattle which have died from this epizooty, 

 and have been examined with care. 



'This disease had much analoffv to that which reigned in the 

 southern provinces of France in 1775 and 1776. The eruption 

 that appeared in many animals; the state of the stomach, the 

 intestines, and the gall-bladder was the same; the course of the 

 symptoms — which difi'ered very little in these two epizootics, — 

 and the non-equivocal existence of contagion ; — all combine to 

 establish a great degree of similarity between the two epi- 

 zootics. But the thorax was particularly affected in that of 

 Picardy ; the cough and the gangrene of the small lobes of the 

 lungs, — symptoms which never failed, — formed a distinction be- 

 tween them. In the epizooty of the southern provinces, the 

 lungs were certainly sometimes attacked with sphacelus, but 

 not always. The animals experienced tremblings and convulsive 

 twitchings, which were scarcely noticed in Picardy ; and the 

 rapidity of the contagion was incomparably greater. Malignant 

 pleuro-pneumonia often gives rise t(j the same lesions in the 

 lunffs; but in this case the abdominal viscera arc not con- 

 stantly involved. The disease, then, which I have described bears 

 a few features in common with the epizooty mentioned by 

 Lancisi and Kamazzini, and with malignant pleuro-pneumonia ; 

 but it differs from them in other respects. It might be regarded 

 as a putrid contagious fever, which exercised its ravages at the 

 same time f)n the viscera of the abclonicn and chest. 



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