526 History of Animal Plagues. 



shows itself, there will be seen a small vesicle about the size of a 

 pea; in others only a yellowish-brown spot. Hereupon — often 

 within six hours — you will find a hole about two inches in diameter, 

 which^ in many instances, is from three to four inches deep, and 

 appears as if eaten out of the organ. The interior of these cavities 

 looks like a yellowish-grey fringe, or as if covered with short hair 

 of that colour, and smells very foul. The tongue begins to swell, 

 a ropy mucus flows from the mouth, and in bad cases the cattle 

 have a painful tumour under the jaw.^ ^ 



At the end of August, the disease entered by the frontiers of 

 Suabia and Franconia into Bavaria, and attacked not only cattle 

 and horses, but also sheep and pigs.^ In Italy, it passed into the 

 States of the Church by the frontiers of Ancona, and continued 

 to spread, in 1787, in Piceno and other places. Its symptoms did 

 not vary much, but in some quarters its ravages were very severe, 

 and possibly in various localities where Cattle Plague prevailed, 

 the destruction caused by that scourge may have been attributed 

 to the glossanthrax.^ Malignant anthrax also attacked animals in 

 many countries : in Transylvania, in Schonen, and in Sweden 

 horses, cattle, and pigs suffered ; * in Hanover gangrenous ery- 

 sipelas (a variety of the same disease) destroyed many pigs : to 

 such an extent, indeed, did they perish, that in some provinces 

 one-third, one-half, and even two-thirds of their number disap- 



^ Lippische Verordnung. Beitr. z. Thierheilk, vol. iv. p. 133. 



^ Will. Kurzer Unterricht iiberdenjetztherrschendenZungenkrebs. Miinclien, 

 1786. 



^ The following works contain a description of this serious epizooty. Bonsi. 

 Istruzione A^'eterinaria sulla presente Epidemia Contagiosa. Venice," 1801. 

 G. Fantini. Sull Epidemia Contagiosa insorta nel Piceno. Jesi, 1787. P. Orlandi. 

 Sulla vera Origine del Cancro Volante, che produsse Grave Mortalita de' Buoi 

 Nello Stato Pontificio. Rome, 1787. L. Pdriiti. Memoria dell' Epizoozia 

 Bovina del 1786. Loretto, 1786. Heusinger admits that the history of this epi- 

 zooty of glossanthrax is incomplete, and his observations on the disease are very in- 

 structive. History shows us that all the great invasions of the malady have origin- 

 ated in sub-alpine France — in Dauphine or Auvergne, and have spread from 

 thence as from a centre, sometimes but a short distance, at other times a long way 

 in every direction, and generally by Germany into Poland, though never reach- 

 ing England. Of this, however, we cannot be quite certain. It is remarkable that 

 the invasions of ekzema ('foot and mouth disease'), when on a large scale, have 

 always followed an exactly opposite course — from east to west — from Russia even 

 to England. See that for 1838-41. 



* Flormann, Neue Schwed. Abhandlung, vol. viii. p. 209. 



