54^ History of Animal Plagues. 



A.D. 1798. Catarrhs, anginas, and pleurisy were frequent in 

 mankind. The epizooty in horses, which has been remarked 

 as prevalent in Bavaria and Franconia in 1795 and 1796, had 

 extended in this vear to Eastern and Western Prussia.^ Glan- 

 ders prevailed in an epizootic form in Piedmont.^ 



Mr White, of Exeter, speaks of Mnfluenza' affecting horses 

 in this year, but I have not the work containing his reference to 

 hand at present. The epizooty appears to have been attracting 

 some attention, for two years previously Dr Darwin, in his 

 philosophical treatise, ^Zoonomia,^ devotes some space to its 

 consideration, and designates it as a contagious disease, as we 

 have already noticed for 1782. 



A.D. 1799. The winter was cold, the summer humid. The 

 former season had been very severe and destructive to cattle in 

 Sweden. In the month of November appeared the influenza 

 in man in Russia, which in January, 1800, had reached Prussia, 

 and soon thereafter became epidemic throughout Europe. In 

 Morocco, famine and pestilence arose, and were said to be due 

 to elemental disturbance. Plague raged in mankind in that 

 empire ; and it was remarked that birds deserted their former 

 abodes while it lasted.^ Jackson says: 'Before the plague, in 

 1799, the face of the earth, from Mogador to Tangiers, was 

 covered by locusts. The whole region, from the confines of the 

 Sahara, was ravaged by them ; but on the other side of the river 

 El Kos not one of them was to be seen, though there was nothing 

 to prevent their flying over it ; till then they had proceeded north- 

 ward, but on arriving at its banks they turned to the east, so that 

 all the country north of El Araiche was full of pulse, fruits, and 

 grain, exhibiting a most striking contrast to the desolation of the 

 surroundino; districts.' * In November and December of this 

 year, and in the following year, an epizooty of aphthous fever 



stork, magpie, hooded crow, green woodpecker, starling, and swift. I do not 

 doubt that this list might be very much extended if our British ornithologists would 

 favour us with their experience in the matter. Hitherto I have been surprised to 

 find how few of those to whom I have mentioned the subject appear to be acquainted 

 either with the nature of the parasite, or with the various methods to be adopted in 

 curing the disease to which its presence in the windpipe gives rise.' 



1 Amnion. Tennecker Zeitung, vol. iii. ^ Toggia. Op. cit. 



3 Bascome. Op. cit., p. 145. ^ Jackson. Travels in Morocco, p. 54. 



