BACTERIA ON THE SURFACE OF PLANTS. 35 
was alkaline. In case of fungus growths the reaction was acid. The constant occurrence of 
the bacteria or of the fungi in the interior of the water calyx in no way injures the host 
plant. 
clusion does not necessarily follow. 
biosis, 7. ¢., mutual profit. 
These organisms are really still outside of the plant. 
Their presence here, while extremely interesting, is only 
to be compared with what occurs in the mouth-secretions 
of animals, and it is doubtful if there is any true sym- 
The most recent reference to this subject, so far as 
known to the writer, occurs in an address by M. C. 
Potter (Trans. British Myc. Soc., rg10, Vol. III, p. 110) 
from which fig. 5 is borrowed. He found numerous 
The author ascribes the presence of bacteria or 
fungi to alkaline or acid secretions of the plant, but 
inasmuch as he seems to have determined the reaction 
only after the organisms had grown in the fluid, his con- 
Fig. 5.* 
bacteria on the surface of leaves (potato, artichoke, etc.), 
and cultivated them therefrom by making impressions of the leaves on gelatin plates. 
LITERATURE. 
1890. TrEUB, M. Les bourgeons floraux du Spatho- 1902. CuHRzaszcz, T. Die Mikroorganismen der 
dea campanulata Beauv. Annales du Jardin Gersten und Malzkérner. Wochenschrift f. 
Botanique de Buitenzorg, vol. vi11, 1890, pp. Brauerei, Jg. xx, 1902, No. 40. [Not seen.] 
38 to 46, 3 plates. 7 2 Ps 
1893. WIESNER, JuLIus. Ueber ombrophile und 1903. BuRRI, R. Die Bakterien vegetation auf der 
: Oberfliche normal entwickelter Pflanzen. 
ombrophobe Pflanzenorgane. Sitzungsb. K. Gonteath fdiaktc2 Abt. x Bd 6 
Ak. d. Wissenschaften, Math. Naturw. Classe. sis ” zi + PP. 75 
Wien., 1893, Bd. 102. Abt. I, pp. 503-521. to 763. 
See also Wiesner: Pflanzenphysiologische 1904. DitcGcELn1, Max. Die Bakterien flora gesunder 
Mittheilung aus Buitenzorg (m1). Ueber den Samen und daraus gezogener Keimpflanzchen. 
vorherrschend ombrophilen charakter des Centralblat f. Bakt., Jena, 1904. m1 Abt., 
ubes der Tropengewichse. id., 1894, and xIr . 602 to 614, an 5 tO Fie, 
Laubes der Tropengewiach Ibid., 1894 Band » Pp. 602 to 614 oe 
Bd., 103, pp. 169-191. 1904, Band xm, pp. 56 to 63 and 198 to 207. 
1896. HorrMaNN, F. Untersuchungen iiber die writeie YE.  Orvanians on the surface of 
Grosse der Mikroorganismenzahl auf Getreide- 1905; ETCALE, tha ecial pelixitics ta: Baciies can 
kérnern unter verschiedene Bedingungen. Scien YN s Be eae Wer abe coe : 
Wochenschrift fiir Brauerei, Jg. x11, 1896, REECE, ATES B ‘ 902), 19057. PP: 
No. 44. [Not seen.] 439-441. so a separate. 
1897. Koorprrs, S. H. Ueber die Bliithenknospen 1905. SmitH, Erastus G. Note on the occurrence 
Hydathoden einiger Tropischen Pflanzen, pp. on grain of organisms resembling the Bacillus 
354 to 477, §8. Das constante Vorkommen coli communis. Science, N. S., vol. XxXI, 1905, 
von Bacterien oder von Fadenpilzen im Inneren pp. 710 to 711. 
der Wasserkelche. Annales du Jardin Bo- 1906. Prescott, SAMUEL C., with codperation of 
tanique de Buitenzorg, 1897, vol. XIV, pp. Erastus G. Smrru, Wi.1aM J. MIxTER AND 
451 to 452. i SELSKAR M. Gunn. The occurrence of organ- 
1901. Wurtz, R. et Bourcks, H. Sur la présence isms of sanitary significance on grains. Biolo- 
de microbes pathogénes a la surface des gical Studies by the Pupils of William Thomp- 
oo et 5 > tiges on végétaux qui pes sas son Sedgwick, Boston, June,1906, pp. 208-222. 
développés dans un sol aroné aver detent 57, Baga, Mansa, A. On heredity in certain 
Méd. Expérim. et d’Anat. Pathol., Paris, Wall Bao Raeeoy ys ghia! Gahale 
1901, Sér. 1 to 13, pp. 575 to 579. seh eat ete Ne i be. ate a8: plats 
1902. Papasoririu, J. Untersuchungen iiber das oe Atos thas hs 
Vorkommen des Bakterium coli in Teig, Mehl Ito Iv, and 3 ae : , 
und Getreide, nebst einigen Bemerkungen 1910. Porrer, M. C. Bacteria in their relation to 
tiber die Bedeutung des Bakterium coli als 
Indikator fiir Verunreinigung von Wasser mit 
Fakalien. Archiv fiir Hygiene, 41 Bd., Miin- 
chen and Berlin, 1902. Verlag von R. Olden- 
bourg, pp. 204-210. 
plant pathology. The British Mycological 
Society, Transactions for the Season 1909, 
vol. m1, part 3, published May 2, 1910. 1 
plate, pp. 150-168. See also Centralb. f. 
Bakt., 2 Abt., xxvur Bd., pp. 624-640. 
*Fic. 5.—Impression of leaf of Helianthus tuberosus on gelatin after 3 days’ incubation. The form of the oe is 
outlined by the development of numerous bacterial colonies, germs of which were present on the surface of the leaf, 
