206 BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. . 
Tobacco with Whale Oil Soap. 
Boil 3 pounds of dry tobacco stems or leaves 
in 10 gallons of water and add while hot 0.5 
pound whale oil soap. 
Soap. 
Use 1 pound to 8 gallons of water. 
Kerosene Emulsion. 
Dissolve 1 pound of soap in 2 gallons of hot 
water, add 4 gallons of kerosene and churn for 
15 minutes with a force pump. The thick 
creamy emulsion, which does not separate 
readily, is diluted for use with 9 parts of water 
and sprayed at once. Use rain water. If a 
good emulsion has not been obtained, do over. 
An imperfect emulsion must never be sprayed. 
Soluble Oil. 
This substance, sold under various names as 
Kill-o-Scale, Target Brand Scale Destroyer, 
is sprayed on the dormant plants after proper 
dilution (1 : 20). 
Formalin Vapor. 
For freeing closed spaces from bacteria 
Schering’s formalin lamp may be used. 
LITERATURE. 
- GERMICIDES—INSECTICIDES. 
1890. ARTHUR, J. C. Treatment for smut in wheat. 
Purdue University Agr. Exp. Sta., Lafayette, 
Indiana. July, 1890, Bull. 32, vu, pp. 3 to 9. 
1890. KELLERMAN, W. A. AND SWINGLE, W. T. Pre- 
liminary experiments with fungicides for 
stinking smut of wheat. Bull. No. 12, Exp. 
Sta., Kansas State Agric. College, Aug., 1890, 
PP. 27-51. : ; 
1890. CHESTER, F.D. Diseases of the vine, controlled 
by several different salts of copper. Del. 
Agr. Exp. Sta., Oct. 1890. Bull. 10, 32 pp. 
2 figs. 
1891. KELLERMAN, W. A. AND SWINGLE, W. T. 
Additional experiments and observations on 
oat smut, made in 1890. Bull. No. 15, Exp. 
Sta., Kans. State Agric. College, Topeka, 
1891, pp. 93-133. 
1891. ARTHUR, J.C. The loose smut of oats. Purdue 
University Agr. Exp. Sta., Lafayette, Indiana. 
Mar., 1891. Bull. 35, vol. u, pp. 81-97, 
4 figs. 
1891. KELLERMAN, W.A. Second report on fungicides 
for stinking smut of wheat. Kans. Agr. Exp. 
Sta., Aug., 1891, Bull. 21, pp. 45-72, 1 plate. 
1893. Huircucock, A. S. AND CARLETON, MARK A. 
The effect of fungicides upon the germination 
of corn. Exp. Sta., Kans. State Agr. College. 
Manhattan, Kansas, 1893. Bull. 41, pp. 631—- 
679, Bibliog. of 26 titles. 
1893. KELLERMAN, W. A. Experiments in germina- 
tion of treated seed. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. 
Bull., April, 1893, vol. 1, No. 3, Tech. ser., 
pp. 201-205. 
1894. FRANK AND KrUGER. Ueber den Reiz welchen 
die Behandlung mit Kupfer auf die Kartoffel- 
pflanze hervorbringt. Ber. d. deutsch. bot. 
Ges., 1894, pp. 8-11. 2 
1894. GatLoway, B. T. The effect of spraying with 
fungicides on the growth of nursery stock. 
U. S. Dept. of Agr., Div. of Veg. Path., 1894, 
Bull. 7. 
1895. GaLLoway, B. T. AND Woops, A. F. Spraying 
with fungicides as a means of increasing the 
growth and productiveness of plants. Repr. 
from Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci., 1895. 16th 
Ann. Meeting, Springfield, Mass., pp. 42-53. 
1896. Evans, W. H. Copper sulphate and germina- 
tion. Treatment of seed with copper sulphate 
to prevent the attacks of fungi. U.S. Dept. 
of Agr., Div. of Veg. Path., 1896, Bull. 10, 
24 pp. 
Effect on germination. Summary of other workers’ experi- 
ments with oats, wheat, barley, etc.—Abstracts presenting 
many contradictory opinions relating to use of copper sulphate 
for prevention of smut. Effect on germination, root system, 
growth of aérial parts. 
1897. Bo.iky, H. L. New studies upon the smut of 
wheat, oats, and barley, with a resumé of 
treatment experiments for the last three 
years. Gov. Agr. Exp. Sta. for North 
Dakota. Fargo, Mar., 1897. Bull. 27, pp.’ 
109-162, 13 figs. 5 
1897. Hicks, G. H., AND DaBNEy, J. C. Vitality of 
seed treated with carbon bisulphid. U. S. 
Dept. of Agr., Div. of Bot., Circular 11, 1897. 
1898. Harrison, F. C. The effect of spraying Bor- 
deaux mixture on foliage. 23d Ann. Rep. 
Ont. Agr. College Exp. Farm, 1898, pp. 125-128. 
1898. STARNES, H. N. Some peach notes. Ga. Agr. 
Exp. Sta., Nov., 1898, Bull. 42. 
1899. Duccar, B. M. Peach leaf-curl and notes on 
the shot-hole effect on peaches and plums. 
Cornell Agr. Exp. Sta., Feb. 1899, Bull. 164, 
PP. 371-388, figs. 64-72. 
1899. LiINHART. I. Krankheiten des Riibensamens. 
II. Bekampfung der infektiédsen Krankheiten 
des Riibensamens. Sep. Oester. Ung. Zeitschr. 
f. Zuckerindustrie, 1899, I, I, Iv. 
1899. Woops, ALBERT F., AND Dorsett, P.H. The 
use of hydrocyanic acid gas for fumigating 
greenhouses and cold frames. Circular No. 
37, Second series, Div. of Entomology, U. S. 
Dept. of Agriculture, Jan., 1899, 10 pp. 3 figs. 
