$ ©tir Scol^ Table. $ 



Among the subjects treated in Maynard's 

 " Landscape Gardening," are : " Landscape 

 Gardening and Home Decoration," ".Orna 

 menting New Homes," " Preparation of Land 

 Trees and Herbaceous Plants," Walks and 

 Drives, "Improving Established Homes," 

 " Roads and Roadside Improvements," "Pub- 

 lic Squares," "Parks," "Cemeteries and 

 School Yards," " Description of Trees and 

 Shrubs," " Evergreen Trees," " Ornamental 

 Shrubs," " Hardy Herbaceous Plants," " Ac- 

 quatic Plants," " Hardy Ferns and Ornamen- 

 ted Grasses," " Insect and Fungi Injurious to 

 Ornamentals. " 



Hardiness of Japan Plums. — We 

 are inclined to think that this plum will 

 endure more frost than is usually sup- 

 posed. Mr. Hale says they will stand 25 

 below zero ; and perhaps he is not far 

 wrong, for at Day's Mills, North Algoma, 

 where the thermometer often goes low- 

 er than that, we found both Abundance 

 and Burbank in good condition after 

 two years planting. 



3 Reasons 



WHY YOU SHOULD 



Ship Your Fruit 



TO 



White & Co. 



Commission 

 Merchants, 



Toronto. 



1. We have one of the best connections in 

 Toronto for the sale of all kinds of fruits and 

 early vegetables, and always obtain highest 

 prices. 



2. We send account sales every night and 

 wire quotations without extra charge. 



3. We send remittances promptly every 

 Tuesday, and all consignments have our best 

 care. Thanking you for past favors, 



We are yours for business, 



White & Co., 64F ^ St - 



Toronto. 



PLANT LICE OR APHIDS. 



If there is any group of insects that 

 requires the constant attention of nur- 

 serymen, green house owners, orchardists 

 and farmers, it is the family of plant lice 

 or aphids. The season of 1 898 has been 

 unusually favorable for these vermin, as 

 is always the case when the spring opens 

 moist and cloudy, with very little hot 

 weather early in the season. Such wide- 

 spread and well-known pests require 

 very little description ; their small, pear- 

 shaped bodies, rarely exceediug one- 

 quarter of an inch in size, with the 

 slender legs and feelers, are known to 

 everyone. The life-histories of these 

 plant lice are, however, not so well 

 known, and in many cases they are as 

 yet a mystery. Many species pass the 

 winter in the egg stage, although a large 

 number of species are not yet known to 

 produce eggs. " The " winter eggs," 

 hatching in the spring, produce wingless 

 females, which bring forth living youth 

 without the intervention of the male. 

 In some cases these young produce in 

 turn winged females, in other cases 

 wingless females (but these, whether 

 winged or wingless, have the same power 

 of producing young without pairing), 

 and in the great majority of cases, if not 



Aphids are sucking insects, taking 

 their food through a slender tube which 

 is thrust deep into the tissue of the plant. 

 For this reason any arsenical poison 

 that may be deposited on the surface of 

 the plant will do them no harm ; they 

 will thrust their beaks clear through the 

 poison into the plant and will suck the 

 sap from beneath the surface. To kill 

 these little robbers it is necessary to use 

 contact poisons, such as kerosene emul- 

 sion, whale-oil soap, to bacco-water, Pyre- 

 thrnm, or some applic ition which kills by 

 closing up the pores or by irritation, or else 

 to use some vapor, smoke or gas, such as 

 tobacco smoke or carbon bisulphid. 

 in all, this method of reproduction is 

 carried on until fall. Then in some 

 cases males and females are produced, 

 which, after pairing, give rise to one or 

 more eggs, which serve to keep the 

 species over winter. In many instances, 

 as with the black peach-aphias and the 

 grain aphis, the aphids themselves live 

 over winter. In some cases, as in the 

 case of the hop-aphis {Aphis humui), the 

 winter eggs are laid on one plant (in 

 this case on the plum,while the young mi- 

 grate to some other plant in the spring. 

 The hop-aphis migrate from the plum to 

 hop-vines and passes the summer there. 



292 



