^7(y APPENDIX. 



soon after disappear from the lakes. The 

 upper limit of this zone, when the Scotch 

 Firs cease, is 2800 feet below the line of 

 perpetual snow, and the mean temperature 

 about 2,'\5 of Celsius (5'öi of Fahrenheit.) 

 A little below this point, or about 3000 

 feet before we come to perpetual snow, 

 Barley ceases to ripen ; but small farms, 

 the occupiers of which live by grazing and 

 lishing, are met with as far as 400 feet 

 higher, for instance, Naimaka in Enonte- 

 kis, and so far also potatoes and turnips 

 grow large enough to be worth cultivating. 

 3. Beyond this the dwarf and stunted 

 forests consist only of Birch. Its short 

 thick stem, and stiff, widely spreading, 

 knotty branches, seem prepared to resist 

 the strong winds from the alps. Its lively 

 light green hue is delightful to the eye, 

 but evinces a weakness of vegetation. 

 These Birch forests soon become so low, 

 that they may be entirely commanded 

 from the smallest eminence. Their up- 

 permost boundary, where the tallest of the 



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