APPENDIX. 281 



zone extends to 200 feet below the limits of 

 perpetual and almost uninterrupted snow. 



7. Beyond it perpetual snow begins to 

 cover the greatest part of the ground, and 

 we soon arrive at a point where only a few 

 dark spots are here and there to be seen. 

 This takes place on the Alps of Quickjock 

 at the elevation of 4100 feet above the 

 sea ; but nearer the highest ridge, and 

 particularly on the Norway side of that 

 ridge, at 3100 feet. Some few plants, 

 with succulent leaves, are thinly scattered 

 over the spongy brown surface of the 

 ground, where the reflected heat is 

 strongest, quite up to the line of uninter- 

 rupted snow. These are Saaifraga stella- 

 ris, rivularis and oppositifolia. Ranuncu- 

 lus nivalis and glacialis, Kumex digynus, 

 Juncus curvatus * and Silene acaulis. The 

 mean temperature at the boundary of per- 

 petual snow is + 0,% of Celsius, (32f of 

 Fahrenheit). 



* We know not what species the author intends 

 by this name. 



