MISSION INDUSTRIES 49 



where, before we took it, one blacksmith and one car- 

 penter were occupied for less than half their time, after 

 the mission took it and introduced labor-saving machin- 

 ery, two blacksmiths and two carpenters have steady 

 work all the time, keeping our machines in working or- 

 der, and setting up new machinery for purchasers. 



The limiting factor to-day to the introduction of mod- 

 ern, efficient, labor-saving farm machinery into India is 

 not money, but lack of men trained to use modern farm 

 tools and to keep them in repair. India has several 

 million wells in areas where there never can be flow 

 irrigation. At present the water is raised by bullocks, a 

 slow and expensive method. The engineer who can 

 overcome all the difficulties and give to India a cheap, 

 durable, efficient and simple well-pumping outfit will do 

 a great thing for India. We therefore wish to establish 

 a strong agricultural engineering department to remedy 

 this obvious lack. 



9. The present system of rural and primary educa- 

 tion is not popular in India largely because it is not 

 vocational or "dollar" education, it is too literal, too 

 detached and unrelated to the life of the people, but 

 even more so because the boy who succeeds in it is lost 

 to his village and to his own people. If he succeeds he 

 is drawn away to the cities. India is a land of peculiar 

 rural type. Over ninety per cent, of the population live 

 in small villages and less than ten per cent, in cities and 

 towns. The large cities of India, for a country with 

 such a teeming population are very few. 



Calcutta 1,200,000 inhabitants approximate 



Bombay 1,100,000 inhabitants approximate 



Madras 500,000 inhabitants approximate 



