62 THE GOSPEL AND THE PLOW 



or a Spaulding deep-tilling tool, drawn by six pairs of 

 oxen, could go into these fields when they were hard and 

 dry and thoroughly open them up, destroy the hard pan, 

 the impervious layer, just below where the Indian plow 

 could reach. When the land was thus plowed, the hot, 

 scorching sun dried out all the stems and roots of the 

 grasses which had been turned up and these when dead 

 improved the soil. Being possessed of implements which 

 could master it we succeeded in cleaning the land by 

 this deep hot-weather plowing. We are raising large 

 fodder crops, and grain and oil seeds on land which eight 

 years ago would not rent for eight cents per acre. The 

 farmers that refused eight cents eight years ago offered 

 last year, 1919, seven dollars per acre rent for the same 

 land, because they said we had so cleaned it and increased 

 its fertility that it would produce crops enough to pay 

 the big rental. Improved implements are a necessity 

 if the yield of crops in India is to be increased. 



My colleague, Mr. Bembower, has laid out vegetable 

 gardens and orchards of mango, orange and guava. 



After purchasing the land the rest of the thirty thou- 

 sand dollars was spent in building one six-room bunga- 

 low; building a cattle shed two hundred and forty feet 

 long by twenty-four feet wide; in putting in under- 

 ground silos, building a store room and shed for tools, 

 implements and grains, in purchasing dairy cattle and 

 work oxen, a flock of sheep and goats, buying wire fenc- 

 ing, putting in roads and paths, improving our wells so 

 that we were sure of an abundant supply of water for the 

 cattle and the people. A number of implement makers 

 in America gave us tools. In most cases these have led 

 to business from Indians who have seen the things work- 

 ing on the Mission farm. The thirty thousand dollars, 



